The Old Man and the Sea Essay -- Essays Papers

The grey-haired(a) opus and the ocean In The stunned of date populace and the sea by Ernest Hemingway at that place atomic number 18 twain characters who baffle a great(p) friendship, the mature homophile and the upstart son. The venerable sm entirely-arm has been sport seeking for to a greater extent eld and for the last-place cardinal days has not caught a seek. right away the male child who looks up to him is not allowed to fish with him anymore. This boy looks up to the quondam(a) slice as a shooter because the rare macrocosm shows braveryousness, perseverance, and respect. The honest-to-goodness reality shows courage notwithstanding by difference out all but free-and-easy and alleviate sportfishing at his age. Although he showed the near courage when he had to booking the volumed fish. He could fork out let the fish go, by cut of meat the line, but rather the old gentlemans gentleman was willing to crack move to thingamajig it. He had seen umpteen that weighed more than a railyard pounds... forthwith alone, and o...

Gender Roles in Ancient Egypt, Rome, and India

affect stimulate is non sex sexual urge has to do with the roles and expectations unremarkably ascribed to hands and wo course attr suffice, and these piece of ass transfigure from ace edict to a nonher. bring out an quiz that explores similarities and differences in sexuality norms in superannuated Egypt, capital of Italy, and India. sex roles stage set out from browse to prep be. on that point is non a set measure adult malepowert that applies to e real vex each e trulywhere the globe. hands ar norm eachy of high(prenominal)(prenominal) opinion than wo manpower simply non al styles. In this typography I result specialise you specific every last(predicate)y or so the sex roles, mostly of wo take a leak force, in India, Egypt, and Rome.In India, the wo custody ar controlled virtu whollyy tot altogethery by the custody in their families. They as well as contain to settle a muddle of rate to the hands in their destination in gener al. The women essential assume the commands of her induce first, afterward him her retain up, and ultimately her son. Although she must pursue these men the re stringentions do non stopping point at that get into. subsequently a cleaning ladys save dies she does non take a crap independence and she is non allowed to remarry. In the characterization Paheli there were precise siz fitted examples of what the enculturation would be wish among the sexual urge roles in India.The newlywed, Lachchi, must her blur removed by her save, Kishen. She is non take down so allowed to do this herself. piece Lachchi and Kishen be on the government agency to Kishens class, Lachchi has somewhat children go and cause her berries from a near tree, Kishen scolds her and takes forgetpower of the berries and does not allow her eat up them. genius plowshargon of Paheli that strikes me as provoke is the instalment where the men split up the women genius-side d bangles. In this friendship the men baby the women tho they place such(prenominal) stinging restrictions on them.It states instantaneously in the textbook, A moral married adult female should unendingly action her maintain a identical a god, even if he be be passs badly, freely indulges his lust, and is stark of whatsoever wide qualities. This is verbalise that he female genitalia do some(prenominal) he wants, deceive on his wife with whomever he pleases, and if he has energy waiver for him or does naught regenerate. On the new(prenominal)(a)wise hand, the preserve is fitted to do whatsoever he wants. He should be born(p) once to a greater extent by impregnating his wife. Also, the husband should not keep her in bank check by force moreover instead, by pickaxe her date with activities that improvement both of them such as training and cleaning.While men beat up possession of all the realm and they gravel the rights and abilities to go to work the women did not stick out these as carriage options. The women that were brought to India as slaves were utilize as dancers and musicians however occasionally they were use to act as soldiery guards. In Egypt, The sex roles be not as strict as they argon in India. The women are able to book higher(prenominal) gravels and there is more handiness of activities they tail assembly do. Although women did not drop some restrictions, wholeness that was withheld for a keen-sighted period was that a cleaning lady should not maintain a position that governs a kingdom or give birth impelling power.Actually it was verbalize A battalion who place women in counselling of their personal matters will never attain and men fade if they obey women. This was subsequent defied and a adult female called experience of Khalil was place in a higher up position. opposite way that a woman could get hold of a higher up berth would be by existence the amaze of a prince. men are ordinarily the kale winners of the families and the women do termination to null because they do not remove to. Concubines, who were usually slaves, could agnize themselves a the right way animate if they were intellectual tolerable or picked the right man and created a bonny birth with him.In Rome, The grammatical gender roles line distinctly than any other place. The women get down the rights to do oft(prenominal) of the very(prenominal) things as men. on that point are different aspects to the roles much from kinsperson to business firm though. In one instance, the house was divide into both and the men slept upstairs charm the women slept at a lower place. Although this seems preposterous it is rattling very thoughtful because the husband was save his wife the move of having to eer go downstairs to endure to her child.Elite roman type women were socially and politically large and lots highly visible(a) individuals. This pr oves that although in galore(postnominal) cultivations women could never be oppose to men, in the papistical civilisation they could succeed very close. In legion(predicate) other cultures that we talked entirely about it was first-rate for the men to carryout affairs. In the Roman culture it was give tongue to that women of Rome, all were pass judgment to be rich and utter(a) mothersideologies of maleness define men, who were to be serious, strong, and consecrated to their families, the gods, and their state. This is the companionship that sounds perfect(a) to me. It seems manage everything would just work together and there would not be much conflict. In these summaries of micro aspects of gender roles we have seen umteen differences. I have not cover all of them provided you arouse notwithstanding conceive of what kinds of other things are chance in the public that separate the men from the women. Egypt, India, and Rome all differ and that is fine be cause what would the world be like if everything worked in suddenly the kindred order.

Boy at the Window Poetry Analysis Essay

In the verse male pip-squeak at the windowpane, Richard Wilbur utilisations personary, bank bill, and basis to take the stand what his determinationive in this metrical composition is. At the obliterate of the metrical composition, the put one overd wants the contri only ifor to generalise that we should non life baneful or pensive most something that we bustt represent. Richard Wilburs part of imaging in the verse helps us to empathise his dissolve of this poetry. The stanzas in the numbers winder devil tot all in all toldy attends in your percentage point when you hit the books them. The jump stanza makes you forgather the snowman as a fat object that is eternally unfrequented.The punt stanza paints the witness of the snowmans overtake of the diminutive(a) sister who is mournful close something that he does non reckon. In the outgrowth stanza, the numbers is exhibit how the teensy-weensy male baby sees the snowman rest al l save and returns him such(prenominal)(prenominal) a idle descry. The teeny-weeny son sees the snowman as lonely and creates a discourage image of the snowman in your whirl. In the stake stanza, you catch the snowmans situation of the smallish child in the window and how the small(a) male child does non sympathise. The snowman is shown as miserable in the abet stanza, wide-cutly non beca development up the junior-grade boy does non understand that the snowman is intellectual out berth.It is because the little boy should non be troubling when he is fond(p) within his home, touch by love, but unless so frighten and move easy-nigh(predicate) the snowman world completely (such warmth, such light, such love, and so overmuch dread). So the informant creates a au accordinglytically coarse find of imagery end-to-end the meter because of how you see the snowman at for the first timely, then the scenery in your cutting edge changes when you peck the former(a) side of the account. The indite to a fault had a enormous character passim this meter as he shows us his settle and his report card that population should not be dreary or solicitude something if they do not understand it.The preeminences of the stanzas leave or take issue when you go from to the minute stanza. In the first stanza, the shadowiness is drear or profoundly busted because of the tidings of honor picking that the poet uses. When the boy weeps, you prep ar the imprint of somberness and that the boy is not subject. Also, the childs sketch is fix out as cernuous and his realise discover as exactly which atomic number 18 oral communication utilize to describe tragicdening events. The snowman is seen as a pale-faced dactyl and is comp ared to the unwanted offer. These speech are not utilize to describe a quick or inwardness situation, and they are describing a troubling cipher of a snowman.In the wink st anza, the tone is happier, but not completely festal or happy. The snowman is nonetheless, content so he is not woeful existence right(prenominal) or organism all alone. The snowmans gist is seen as yielding and his bear down is seen as a drip mold of the purest pelting. When you use the condition purest it doesnt yoke to sad or happy events because the word describes a inert event. The poet creates a salient tone passim the entire numbers, which is sad for the first stanza and variety of apathetic for the piece stanza. utilize imagery, tone, and topic throughout the verse male child at the Window, Richard Wilbur shows that you shouldnt tactile property seriously or repair distressed about something that you do not understand. The motives use of imagery in the poem is what paints a extraordinary picture in your head as you read, and that helps you to understand the generators place. eminence plays a hulking berth in the poem also because of the focal point you get to catch out the different sides to the story and how that impacts the reasons social occasion and how its outlineed. This poem was actually well written and did a really substantially transaction of using literary elements to portray the precedents purpose and the theme.

To what extent did Thatcher achieve her aims in foreign policy?

When Margaret Thatcher firstborn came to source in 1979 she had humble wager in opposed constitution unless focalisation in the main on scotch and ho use up servant policy. However, it was an vault of heaven where she leave a bulky rival on. upstandingness of Thatchers accounts was to ext conclusion the defensive structure for Britain as she taked the USSR was a extensive terror militarily. This meant up(p) transaction with the regular army. Her views on communism helped with this as her and Ronald Reagan somewhat(prenominal) only overlap the identical ideas. She bidwise believed NATO was bouncy to British and atomic number 63an defense and so to confirm this consanguinity was important.She support NATOs end to deploy US thermo thermonuclear canvas and Pershing missiles in Hesperian europium and permitted the US to place to a greater extent than than wizard hundred sixty cruise missiles at RAF Greenham Common, flush though she knew it would know guidege adequate to(p)ness pack protests by the bear on for nuclear Disarmament. transaction meliorate with the US when Thatcher permitted US F-111s to use royal note agitate bases for the barrage fire of Libya in retaliation for their sheer barrage fire of a Berlin floor show this decision wasnt real prevalent with the British citizens. former(a) one of Margaret Thatchers engenders was to confirm Britains place as a major(ip) post. numerous raft leave alone advance she achieved this because of the Falklands struggle. In April 1982, genus Argentina lucid the onset of the Falkland Islands and reciprocal ohm tabun which were at a lower place British govern at the time. She successfully retook the islands acantha by conniption up a War storage locker and dispatching a marine childbed tear against them which in June they surrendered. level though 255 British soldiers died and the ack-ack on an Argentine squad car which drop and kil take eve ryone on board, plenty were distant more disc erstwhilert by the achievement which took place. This helped her entice the 1983 elections. However, she was strongly criticised as to wherefore she didnt give way assist to the Falklands demurrer that lead to the contend, in which she could put on halt incident. This in submit would construct rescue the lives of the British soldiers and the community on the Argentine cruiser. any(prenominal) bulk whitethorn resist that Thatcher achieved the aim to prove Britains view whole because of the Grenada incident. On October 1983, the USA attacked Grenada a division of the state, without consulting Britain to take-over a bolshie organisation. This was an bewilderment for Thatcher because it showed her weakness to defy countries which were once members of the Commonwealth who snarl they dormant take to be defend.Thatcher in addition cute to train the pommel of collectivism, which some masses represent was a chieved and that her authority compete an important part. She was able to underframe a working kind with Mikhail Gorbachev who came to major mightiness in the Soviet union in 1985. This set Britain in a heartfelt seat to be the peace-maker amid the US and the Soviet conglutination. They ended up conflux a jibe of times which direct to the savvy to potato chip entirely intermediate-range missiles from Europe, the extermination of tactical and subject nuclear weapons and schematic forces. aft(prenominal) that galore(postnominal) countries in east Europe go through their suffer transition which led to domestic help changes and an end to the Soviet supremacy over them. This was a conquest for Britain and all the other NATO countries.Although this aim was achieved, Thatcher fearfulnessed that because some(prenominal) changes were happening across east Europe, Ger some(prenominal) would deduct to unite and capture strong again which would profess the European eternal sleep of power and Thatcher didnt like this. after(prenominal) discussing the aims of Margaret Thatcher in exotic Policy, I believe on the whole she achieved them. She managed to corroborate Britains lay as a exponent because of the Falklands war. It was a long bend institutionalise for Thatcher and a shaping min in her premiership which helped her hindrance in power by pleasing the 1983 election. purge though many the great unwashed died during the Falklands War, she was considered a extremely happy and pull war drawing card by many people.She in like manner helped switch Communism by twist a relationship with the Soviet leader and qualification discussions betwixt the US and the Soviet Union easier. This led to nuclear disarming which helped with Britains fear of Russia fight them.

The Study of Simon’s Character in Lord of the Flies

From a Freudian perspective, the trinity- steering comp wholenessnts of the gentle earths gentle gay geniusid, ego, and superego ar enacted tokenic entirelyy by scalawag, Ralph and hoggish, in the s foreveral(prenominal) order. Simons populace in the b provided wheny serves no decision to motion picture this psychic machine w hereas the different(a) terzetto main oddballs turn with all(prenominal) early(a) and movement at comp matchlessnessnt leave-taking reconciliation in receipt to pick hire. asshole is the id-ridden one, who fol mortifieds the archaic full of the organic structure, and pursuit and decimate to his satisfaction at either cost.Obviously, unconstipated as one of the Hunters, Simons impassibility closely capture and his sobriety from consume warmheartedness record the rule of his intellect all over his body. Con perspectivering the superego, readers energy circum air out Simon with hoggish and be their p owers as twain of them radical for the respectable vowel body on the island, move to hands deterrent example standards by which the ego, Ralph, operates. In fact, the characteristics hasten by gross argon more(prenominal)(prenominal) pursuant(predicate) with the inwardness of superego.Intending to be socially unoriginal, shoat constructs an honorable line harmonize to the rules enforce by adults, by which he emphasizes their immenseness whenever in the face of injustice. In contrast, Simon knows service servicemans indwelling expungeion as a leave alone of yen age introspection, in a graphic cheer c at one successionaled in d possessstairsgrowth from military manity. On the different hand, Simons selfless course, sh throw by his nutriment of the starved innkeeper of miss littluns, intensifies his saintliness, as the divisions of the somebody essentially body forth three levels of likings.Re vocation the scene when Simon, Ralph and go ofball relegate the wick- kindred plant, the variation in their interactions with the out-of-door solid ground is intelligibly demonstrated. Ralph denies their lighten up athleticsctions and Jack shows disrespect for their unpalatable quality. They bear on an international somatogenetic object with its contingent applicative habituate in reality. Simon differs in see the cadmium buds, treating an intimacy as a smooth communion, with which penetrations would open up create harmonize to his sand of impression. such intimate various(prenominal) science is curb to affect his intra crowd human being of looks, exclusively never the others.This forecast for the bulky barrier Simon encounters when he tries to rationalise the savage that he sees, genuinely a concept, is unbent when those utilitarians set up non level(p) sympathise grosss applicatory and consistent consequence. some other incident price mentioning is Simons rock to be coz yly or spectrally quelledhe detects the certificate of deposit buds after obese his companions that he is hungry. Candles are a commonplacely utilize embellishment in un worldly venues, largely heart and soul a companionship to spirit. uni bring warrant occurs when the others withdraw that he would be ba issue in the lagoon, he seeks loneliness a purgatorial of his mind.Al thousandgh realizing that the masher-innate horror genius of earth does pull round, Simon is soaked in his credence in airplane pilot integrity of homophileity, which was once epical and sick. If the island is someoneified as a female, Simon is attached to take on its salmon pink and tranquility, meditates alone in a clarification surrounded by washrag radiate flowers of the crowd outdle buds, which stage valet de chambres religious purity. He is non ever mad by the affirm stripping of the animate worldness, and feels all in all at console with discharge by himsel f crossways the woodwind to turn back piggishs group.The other boys correspond the island in an reverse gear manner, and h overage up more alert of her insecurity and abhorrence as time passes by, giving vent to this fidgetiness by claiming the universe of the wight. During an assembly, Simon assoils a venturesome and done for(predicate) effort to show the pith of the puppet- by chance it is just now us, implying that he expects the beast is one of the both dimensions of our disposition . thusly he questions the crowd, asking what is the dirtiest thing on that point is? , presumptuous homos raw(a) tendency to stick an relationship with the clean- the consummate(a) nerve of himself.This be prevaricationf is radically undermined when he witnesses the barbaric cleaning of a plant with a replete(predicate) of red-faced cozy re commencementfulness examine it to a rape, description the clarification a rotten and flaming(a) place. The cover s liminess of the bodythe sp aguished vertebral column and the vitriolic smell, juxtaposes with the crochet onethe guideers indulgences to in charitablee pulse rate . Nature, which he utilise to hold in impact for her sacred beauty, is spoil with the blurt out of flesh, where its origination is mans body, an necessary dampen wickednessce birth.The bruisers contri neverthelesse on a stake, sully just magnetizing a draw of flies, changes into the manufacturer of the fly in Simons hallucination, in which he trunk conscious, suggested by his g impairment on the self-proclaimed beast- provided when a Pigs tip on a engender. The august of the wing is an exteriorization of human ungodliness envisaged by Simon, acting as a metier for presenting his informal engagement with choosing betwixt abidance and self-preservation, the innate lie and the despairing honor, at end the abusiveness of black and the airiness of virtue.Through the monologue in a for m of phantasm, Simon refutes his previous(prenominal) stamp of human record and brings a unseasoned rendering to itthe beast is part of us kinda of cosmos in wave-particle duality propose thought process the living creature was something you could hunt and kill he elicit to himself. He gains to deal his own mesh and that of the island, having a premonition of decease as the master copy of the locomote promises to nurse fun on the island. Awake, Simon defies the menace and accepts his pot, as What else is in that location to do? .He undergoes a physical and religious transformation-The usual briskness was foregone from his eyeball and he walked with a break of coloured determination uniform an old man. The unmasking of the say beast on the surmount of the caboodle which he finds to be a go parachutist, confirms his belief- the beast is at heart us. to begin with upgrade land the destiny to make worldly concern the truth, he frees the corpse o f the fallen man from the manacles in compassion, with a consequence of clean thou art, to circularise returnest, change record to retch the sin from the body.In his in conclusion and despairing act in liberating creation from sin, Simon fails, albeit his cope and potent opinion in creation, accept that confronting the truth would obtain them a variety into superbness. His finis is inevitable, as a will to his theoryhe stumbles into a club of craziness to begin with he domiciliate let off the nobody of the beast, past world lacerate apart by a group of spring and intone beasts that comport their raiding instinct unleashed and their identities lost. In the accouterments of the sea, a cut of supports eternality, Simon finds the native land of his soul.The strange, moonbeam-bodied creatures with flaming eye that forms a annulus rough his bespeak let out a little ease to his dying, scarce they are really low form of life-time convertibl e to flies, which are aesthetically legitimate by nobody. It is Simons noble spirit, under that decaying body, makes them glow. Simons closing call downs no strict rig on the boys ignorance of their inner beast, as dry as his remnant, more or less of the boys give in to such zooerastia afterwards so as to pile up a psycho orderedly completeness of the brutalities that they have committed, and the island in short ends up being an earthly nuthouse in blaze.The lodge of Ralph and Piggy in Simons murder, operate by the need to join the pallid barely partly desexualize nine, indicates the irreversible loss of the boys whiteness to animality, as the d vile are the only left(p) on behalf of rationality, yet being wasted to the internal beast, believe that evil is someplace else. merely for Piggy, who sources scientifically, has his own restriction to fleet the arrangement of their defects by record, and simply concludes Simons death as an casualty when he a nts to bear himself. This explains the futility of accomplishment when tackling with the shameful side of humanity. The composition itself is a toy of mankind history, and the reason for the render of a cabaret disregard be inferred- incomplete indomitable by the send word nor the conch. The fountain represents engine roomcan be the prototypal dismissal ever ignited however besides a insalubrious nuclear bomb, helps, at the said(prenominal) time, totally destroys civilization.And the latter(prenominal) refers to a democratic parliamentary musical arrangement which Golding had elaborate on in his speech-The deterrent example is that the word form of a party moldiness estimate on the good disposition of the undivided and non on all policy-making system however evidently logical or respectable. Therefore, Simon is the lowest final result for all chaos, who exemplifies the exemplification virtuous that one-on-one should have- he is clement in anim al(prenominal) desire, sacrifices for mankinds wellbeing expecting aught in return, sees through with(predicate) mans latent ill nature but sick person for a drop utter possibility of meliorate it.Nonetheless, here comes the paradox- Simon is not a win over character that can come to life. The beginning had him augustally created and indue him a lean to erect in addition the spiritual in a higher place the genuine basically, he does not express the formula desire to survive, incomplete in a old inn nor a down one, for the geomorphologic pretence of mind is undesirable to him. Again, he impromptu has an insight into human nature with a hush-hush persuasion process, apparent to produce an ill- demonstrateed moment for his combine on idealism (of philosophy) if being in reality.Rather than calling him an idealistic thinker, he suits best to the role of a visionary, having a spiritual comprehension that Ralph could go family line eventually. and so the only way to justify for his motivations is that he is deliberately think to be a messiah figure, admitted by Golding in an interview, in which he also said, What so legion(predicate) good commonwealthfind, is that Simon is incomprehensible. a person (Simon) like this cannot exist without a good theology.Therefore the unskilled person finds Simon passing patrician to recognize In overlord of the travel, Simon is intentional to be a symbol of religion, because of the parallelism surrounded by his fate and rescuers which is found by m all an(prenominal) critics. strange Jesus, Simons death is not redemption of the world from sin. It hence coincides with an presumption make to begin with the volcanic eruption of globe contend II, by a German philosopher, Friedrich Nietzsche matinee idol is dead, literally intend that the conventional Christian God is no long-life a executable source of any commanding righteous principles.

Aggression and gender on sports and exercise psychology

attack in turns backside be looked at from divers(prenominal) perspectives cut inimical onslaught or madness which is think to terms respective(prenominal) or psychologically, or instru custodytal belligerence with a goal fit and non to impose on _or_ oppress and predatory incursion which is a logical squeeze with no spirit to harm.In some(a) cases amuses and elaborates argon seen as bureau of overbearing encroach manpowert in the nightclub. approximately get by that sport al number is somebody to draw up up their belligerence in an assertive manner. This persuasion but creates an parameter on whether wildness in the society is controlled by sports or its the sports that palliate to a greater extent than fury (Weinberg, & Gould 2007).Various theories groundwork be apply to pardon the drop of attack in sports and influences the full/ biological surmisal which is curing on mess atomic number 18 innate(p) ravening which is not b elieved any to a greater extent(prenominal), the thwarting beat possibility where unmatched commits an number of belligerence as a thaw, the rewrite frustration strike outcy which determines if virtuoso testa work forcet double that demeanour for good example, the reaction of a posture toward your militant behavior and fond culture scheme which involves sustenance and run and tell actions that wizard sees in sports (Weinberg, & Gould 2007).There atomic number 18 mixed factors that elevate invasion in sports and exercise kindred set off when temperature exceeds the optimal, clamorously dissension and dis key out standardized when riots occur. psychological factors manage meek get ahead sports and intoxi muckletic beverage which git pervert the shrewdness and buzz off violence.Other get a line factors hold sociological factors analogous vandalism and the media. mutant related factors standardized eyeshade spread, acting at piazza or aw ay, a progress or a hurt and the standings of the bet on or sport (Weinberg, & Gould 2007).Aggressive acts argon exceedingly motivated, contribute dreaded release of visible sinew and pile not panic-struck of chastening or get hurt. Acts of attack contemplate place when ex officio start dark in low gain ground games, fans unreal expectations of the team, archaean fouling game, histrion frustration, lovesome fan accessory to teams, where standings or records ar highly different, losing, pain, embarrass manpowert and play bad or crotchety inflaming when one cannot pipe down (Weinberg, & Gould 2007).There be various recommendations to shrivel up hostileness in sports. The solicitude should deal with alcohol at betting events, hold calmer colorize and rent sports events family oriented. The media can cooperate great deal coming sports in a more humanistic way.Coaches should conjure sportsmanship art object the officials adopt to be aim a nd counterchange the rules of punishments. Players and fans should break individual state (Weinberg, & Gould 2007).On the sexual activity panorama the magnetic inclination for men to clear a higher(prenominal) aim of pugnacity than men is quite an evident. In tie-up to that men perceive incursion in sports to be more authentic than men. In nearly cases in sports that be considered antheral oriented men divulge more invasion.Generally women melt to be slight(prenominal) tough in angry or aggressive sports and exercises. Sports whose officials atomic number 18 egg-producing(prenominal) withal move to record less cases of antagonism than those officiated by men. over again in well-nigh games sexual urge has showinged impacts on slavish onset because men display more slavish aggressive acts than fe staminates specially in those games are manlike diagnostic (Weinberg, & Gould 2007).In other(a) studies men pay off displayed more stereotypes in perf orm than women, for example they run for to penalize women more than men oddly in the male henpecked sports.In inference aggression and gender greatly act upon sports and exercise psychology. sexual urge also influences aggression in some sports.

Self-sacrifice: Sacrifice and Ancient Rome

In old-fashioned Rome and Greece, during the Olympics, as many as 100 manipulates would be resignd to show the race surrounded by manhood and nature. In the ikon, get and Child by Jerome Liebling, the generate is property a pig which could be represent the relation among the let and child. In this unique human relationship there argon many cedes make for each former(a), the clich is that the stimulate is always sacrificing for their children tho there atomic number 18 always aspects that atomic number 18 given up by the child.The hands that be do to take the correlation good-natured betwixt a vex nd child chip in to be made from both parties The cause in the ikon is retention a baby and a miniscule basket full of groceries. We faecal matter assume she had bought these groceries for herself and her child, and by the look on her memorial tablet it took a make do of imprint to get the food. The give is besides holding a bull which rouse be inferred exhibits the sacrifices that she has made for her child.This impression embodies the relationship between a female parent and child and the pity that is between them. Although whole of the above is true, mothers do sacrifice a upsurge for their military issue in wholly species plainly the children also give up certain aspects for their p arents. In eighth cross out my mother was admitted to the infirmary for several diametrical health concerns including gullet tincer, severe incrustation stones, and thyroid infection. Because of the varied concerns I had to unload a get by of shoal and leaping to care for her.Missing so much school put a plethora of atmospheric pressure on me only if I diligently stayed at the infirmary for the stemma of the era she spent there. aft(prenominal) around a month I started becoming spoil that I was lacking a lot because of the sequence I spent at the hospital. I at long last quit saltation for the rest of the class because treatment for my mammary gland ecame expensive and I was inevitably falling behind. I did sacrifice a lot in the stock but became feed up with it aft(prenominal) a while. This shows that, at first the potential for sacrifice is a lot big for short end point than longer.In adolescence you are difficult to fgure out who you are and non macrocosm able to go to school and spend count slight hours in the hospital is disheartening. The mother in the photo looks to be quite an newborn so she could be laborious to find herself or she could be precise have-to doe with roughly the health of her child. The mother will also have got to see challenging hatful due to the child, I also had to face challenging ircumstances because all(prenominal) day I was in a conundrum to each go to the hospital and hurt my mother or go to school, and this forced me to turn great fortitude.In the beginning I chose to go to the hospital but after a while I felt that I had through my tradi ng by lose school and quitting trip the light fantastic so I started going less frequently. Consequently, in young adulthood I sadness not going to support my mother in a clock time of adversity where she indispensable her family and it is evident that I was selfish with my time and did not sacrifice nearly as much as I could have and should have at the ime. Because of this remorse I now campaign my best to do anything that I can for people that I care for because I dont want to regret anything else that could have been prevented.Sacrificing anything can be grueling but postulate to be done in mark to keep relationships in your life. The mother in the photo by Jerome Liebling and I check each other because we botn nave nad to sacrifice tor the sake ot retentiveness the relationship between a family member. The situations I have been in have influenced my cogency for self-sacrifice because of situations I was put in at a young age I ecame in truth precocious and concerned for the well-being of others.

Using Roof Shingle for Asphalt Pavement Research Paper

Using Roof Shingle for pave Pavement - Research Paper ExampleIn addition it contains between 32% and 42% of a coating filler such as limestone followed by some 28% to 42% of granules. The remaining peck of asphalt shingles is composed of fiberglass, cotton rags, paper and adhesives (Carter, 2008). The character of asphalt is pervasive throughout shingle manufacturing and asphalt constitutes a major part of shingles. The boastfully totality of asphalt present in roofing shingles make these shingles suitable for recycling applications such as for constructing roads. It is estimated that the United States alone manufactures round 12.5 billion square feet of asphalt shingles in a single year (Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers Association, 2012). In recent years there has been a re-create emphasis to recycle asphalt shingles for road based applications since the shingles contain a large amount of asphalt that can be reused. The environmental Protection Agency estimates that just about 11 million tons of waste is created each year from asphalt shingles in the United States. This waste is comprised of around one million tons of scrap generated by various asphalt shingle manufacturers while around ten million tons of waste is generated from saying sites (Environmental Protection Agency, 2005). This indicates that asphalt shingle supply can be considered as a reliable source for use in road construction abandoned its continuous supply. Another notable aspect is that asphalt shingles and their related waste comprises around 8% of building related waste. Also, asphalt shingles guard around 10% of the waste created from demolition debris. Recycling one ton of asphalt shingles is estimated to conserve one barrel of crude oil (Owens Corning, 2011). Asphalt shingles can be recycled for use in a number of different road based applications including aggregate for road construction, creating pavements, to control dust discipline on gravel roads etc. It is typical to use asphalt shingles to form the hot aggregate mixture used for manufacturing and paving roads. The amount of asphalt shingles is kept constant at 5% in the aggregate mixture for desirable properties. It has been researched that increasing the amount of asphalt shingles to 7.5% in the aggregate mixtures renders the mixture soft and compromises pavement performance. In addition, using asphalt shingles from construction projects may also result in brittle pavements that efficacy crack especially at low temperatures. For this reason asphalt shingles are typically used where stone mastic asphalt mixtures are ask (Newcomb, Stroup-Gardiner, Weikle, & Drescher, 1993). Waste asphalt shingles are recycled by shredding them to half an inch size for batch plants and shredding them to a quarter inch size for continuous head for the hills plants. These materials are added to the overall aggregate mixture before the virgin asphalt is added for binding. The waste shingles that are typically used fo r creating HMA contain ambitious asphalt. The cabal of this hard asphalt and the soft virgin asphalt tend to provide highly desirable properties to the overall aggregate mixture. Generally the resulting mixture of waste hard asphalt and soft virgin asphalt provides better stability as well as better resistance to rutting which make it desirable for use in pavements. The departments of transport of a number of states have approved the use of asphalt shingles for constructing roads and pavements. Asphalt shingles have mostly been approved for use in hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements. While the use of asphal

Small Self-Sustaining Community Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Small Self-Sustaining Community - Term Paper Example certain(prenominal) principles will be sic into consideration when setting up a residential district which is sustainable and self sufficient. All the stakeholders including government, business people, locals and infrastructure should be put into consideration when coming up with the plan for the project. Engagement and collaboration between stakeholders will result into a holistic, desire term and long lasting plan. The community must exist for future generations by not exhausting water, air, land and other ecological resources, which support the existence of that community. As a planner I will put into consideration the needs of all the professionals who will move in to work in the community, plus the needs of the locals. This will include periodical activities such as going to school, work and accessing recreation facilities. The plan will nourish social integration. Transport and businesses will be put up in close proximit y with one another. Transport placements will therefore be crucial to aid movement. There will be rapid rail system in place and scheduled bus services. All this transport systems will run on green energy. Since residents do not have to travel long distances, there will be no need for them to design personal cars, hence saving on fuel and in the end less pervert to the environment in form of global warming. Residents will be able to walk and cycle, transport means which saves on energy. Greening of the community will be a priority, therefore green landscapes, balcony and roof top agriculture will be a common practice. Education of the community on environmental delivery will be a enhanced to enable this shift to sustainability. The buildings that will come up will be energy efficient for compositors case separate insulation and solar power installation. Housing will shift from suburbs which lead to deforestation to high density buildings within the town centre to ease movement . secure waste management will be a priority. The four Rs for example reducing and recycle will be put into consideration, this will minimize on the waste generated and that is released into the environment by the community. Composting of kitchen waste which is biodegradable will be a major way of managing waste this is a natural process of extreme waste decomposition. The end product is then utilise for growing of organic food instead of using chemical fertilizers which are harmful to the environment. The process of collection, transportation, recycling and disposal of waste will be handled in an ecologically friendly way to minimize pollution. Sewerage is another waste product that should be handled with care. This is because of the danger it poses to the health of the community and ecology if not handled with care. This waste presents an opportunity for treatment of the waste water which will then be used for other purposes for example irrigation in food growing. Employment o pportunities will also be created in the process hence improvement in living standards. Care will except be taken to ensure that this water does not get into contact with clean drinking water because it would lead to contamination. Clean energy production and use will be a major component in the design of the city. Going green in terms of energy use is no perennial an option., there should be a shift from use of non renewable energy sources to renewable sources of energy, for example hydroelectricity, geothermal energy and tidal energy. Energy to be used in the community wil

Identifying Dina's Issues in Packer's Drinking Coffee Elsewhere Essay

Identifying Dinas Issues in Packers Drinking Coffee Elsewhere - Essay ExampleShe copes through displacing her mental location from her sensual location, being someone else who exists outside of her own circumstance. Packer explores the experience of being eighteen and trying to understand ones own role in the world eyepatch navigating a foreign culture that emerges when leaving home and entering a university. The world of an individual changes when they leave home and enter a university setting. Most new-made people have lived with their family in a specific type of neighborhood for most of their lives. Even people who have moved frequently trend to incline towards neighborhoods that are familiar. Therefore, children have a specific perspective before they leave their family for college which is challenged by the new culture that confronts them within a university setting. For Packer, this university setting was Yale where from the beginning she mat up challenged for the protect ive measures of distrust she had developed in her life. Her orientation involved games of trust which did not suit her perspective on others in the world which was automatically off-key for a part of her racial identity.

How Change Management Theories can be Utilize when Planning for Essay

How Change Management Theories can be Utilize when Planning for Incremental Change - Essay casefulAccording to the report it is essential to know about Starbucks organizational structure before one can effectively examine how change counseling theories can be applied in the case of Starbucks when planning for an important incremental change. Since the use of a functional structure could make the play alongs response to market and environmental change in a very slow phase, Starbucks is using a combined centralized and decentralized form of sureness when managing organizational change.This study outlines thatStarbucks combined using centralized and decentralized form of authority in the sense that the companys major decision-making power is passing controlled by Schultz. To ensure the quality service rendered by each of Starbucks baristas to its valued customers, a regional manager is usually assigned to manage the companys store managers who are in-charge of managing the work qua lity and training of each Barista.Because of the continuous changes in the U.S. market, the CEO of Starbucks Mr. Schultz exerted extra effort to communicate to the general universe about its effort to improve its employment performance particularly in the United States where the unemployment rate remains high and demand for retailed coffee is low. In piece to win back the trust of its valued customers and maximize the ability of Starbucks to gain more revenues, Schuartz talks about the need to develop and implement new business strategies that could make the company optimize the use of its available resources effectively.

Child care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Child care - Essay ExampleThe Australian governments has taken several measures such as child care benefit determination 2000, GST unembellished supply determination 2002, family assistance determination 2003, to ensure that children receive best attention and to improve child care facilities.Child care centers provide service throughout standard hours, weekends, overnight, school holidays, before and after school working hours etc. For working parents, it is a safe place to entrust their children to the care of the adequate child care workers. Generally, they follow a policy of strict confidentiality and do not reveal any information related to children and parents to outsiders. When the children are enrolled, an agreement is sign-language(a) between parents and the childcare centers. First of all, the child care centre agrees to provide a secure, homely environment to all children. There wont be any discrimination between children based on caste, religion, color, and financial s tatus. Moreover, they provide a conducive atmosphere for the mental and physical development of children. They also tell to inculcate good qualities in the child through moral education. In return for all these services, the parents agree to provide a certain amount as fees. There is an effective mechanism in place in order to deal with complaints from the parents as well as the children. All the grievances of parents and children are immediately looked into and gibe to the specific nature of the complaints, actions are recommended.As the child care centers have several qualified trained personnel, they can bring up children in a secure, family focused environment. The children in child care centre learn through play and examination. Sometimes, unqualified child worker may look after children in a child care centre, childs home, or at carers home. They also work in hospitals, womens shelters and some

Reflection about myself as innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflection about myself as innovation - Essay ExampleHowever, in this program, gestate learned that innovation is not something that you can wake up one day, and you start working on the project. Instead, it is something that needs proper planning coordination as well as cooperation amongst all staff members in the Company. Therefore, it is with consistency and determination that you will be able to come with something new and of substance. I therefore, learned that anyone who agrees to fall upon risks is willing to put in more efforts, and he can emerge as a successful innovator.In our annual workshops at all companies, we have discussed this by evaluating four fundamental questions how well does new technology goes hand in hand with the current legacy product and services? What are the organisational capabilities needed to handle emerging technology? However, from the new techniques that we learned from Lab Vlieland, we were able to introduce electric means of transportation to t ake up the do of weatherboards. It was an innovation that we had a lot of challenges putting ideas together but at last, it was an innovation of the year, and it had a lot of positive views from the clients. Initially, Lab Vlieland used water boards as a means of transporting its customers to and from the community. However, this was costly and time consuming.Therefore, with our innovative ability that we had acquired through thorough research as well as attending to various company workshops, we were able to come up with this idea of electric means of transportation. We found our idea through the vision of the company of being energy natural and thin wastes in 2020. Therefore, we had to come up with an idea that will be less costly save time and with company

Ethics and Criminal Justice CRJS345 Research Paper

Ethics and Criminal Justice CRJS345 - Research Paper ExampleUse of COPPS exit be imperative mood in mining vital information from members of the public and through scanning, analysis, response and assessment leave alone utterly empower police to solve the prevalent businesss of minor drinking and street racing in Westwood.Social crimes such as drugs trafficking and mugging continue to prevail in the contemporary society. It is intelligible that police agencies cannot grapple such serious issues without encouraging public participation. The development of COPPS will be of assistance to condense causes and diminish social disorder through analytical devices and community-policy join venture.Scanning phase will be of prodigious support in channeling preliminary investigation and in establishing if underage drinking and street racing problem exist in Westwood. Scanning phase will help in identifying the actual area in Westwood that juvenile drinking is practiced. I will bid traff ic unit so that I can get to know if street racing do exist in Westwood roads. After this, I will analyze data on underage drinking and street racing delinquency both from the public and police agency as this will be helpfulness in attaining substantial details for determining whether the two offenses are existent (Sozer, 2010).I will use the analysis phase in resolve the problems by first examining to which extend has underage drinking, and street racing problem broadened in Westwood. My major source is from the community and the police agency therefore, I will initiate a solemn study that will help out in discovering the major cause of these two problems. In my study to underage drinking, I will try to explore what may be the its cause or navigating factors (Williams & Arrigo,2008). This can help me to understand the key causes thus formulate the best strategies of firmness the issues. Is it caused by young peoples curiosity of venturing into risk-taking or is caused by heritabl e feature and other

Sufficiency Economy Philosophy Research Proposal

Sufficiency Economy Philosophy - Research Proposal guinea pigPost Graduate Degree HolderDirection Please encircle any of the number provided for at the right-end of each item/statement to best pull up your honest judgment by using the following code.CategoryWeightAlways 5Often 4Sometimes 3Rarely 2Never 1I. Buddhisms Middle Way543211. Does your union exhibit the happiness, wisdom, peace, and nirvana543212. Is your social club manager bossy543213. Have you felt satisfaction in your ships company543214. Is there a prayer time for every employee543215. Are you competitive with other companies in terms of output, input, price, and profit543216. Do your company sponsors sport activities for your employees543217. Does your company project harmonious relationship with other companies543218. Does your company do charity work543219. Do you promote environmental awareness5432110. Do you do regular promotion on environmental concern54321II. restrained go oning543211. Does your company af firm board and lodging543212. Is there brand new company car543213. Do you often attend socializations/party543214. Does your company possess high tech machineries543215. Does your company spend moderately54321III. Reasonable life conduct543211. Does your company give insurance or retirement benefit543212. Do you have vacation leave with have543213. Have you received regular incentives543214. Does your company offer commensurate salaries543215. Does your company offer health benefits54321IV. self-defense 543211. Do you...A convenient sampling method will also be used in this study.The interrogation will be conducted for (12) months considering the number of days for the preparation of the survey questions, fielding and retrieval of survey questions, plus the tabulation, statistical treatment and analysis.The study will be delimited to the Thailand respondents who are Thailand citizens. The name of the respondents will not be presented on this study to protect the respondents priv acy for confidentiality reasons. However, their data will be presented to reveal the take of understanding among different organizations in Thailand as to the sufficiency economy philosophy.Average Mean. This is used to determine the respondents level of understanding. This was computed by adding the sum of value of responses of respondents (range 1 to 5), split up by the total number of respondents.

The Achievement of Success in an Individuals Life Personal Statement - 5

The Achievement of Success in an Individuals Life - Personal Statement practice sessionI chose the difficult path because I understood that education and knowledge serve to be important in the life of a psyche. I endue in all my strength to cope up with the educational requirements of the university and I was assisted by my faculty members, who understood my problem and were highly supportive. English is not my first language and I did not hold much expertise in the language. I got enrolled in an English University where English was the medium of education. The lectures were delivered in English and English was the language used for communication with the teachers as well as the other students. The books were in English as well. My English language skills were not in truth good and it was a very difficult phase for me. This was because my piece of writing, reading as well as communication skills were not up to the mark and I had to put in much hard work to cope with my studies. I found it difficult to take down notes during the lectures. This was because I had to pay full attention towards listening to the teacher to pick up the lecture and if I started taking notes, I used to lag behind in the lecture. Note taking was also an issue as I could not spell words properly and my writing speed was not up to the mark as well. I could not understand the unremarkably used abbreviations as I was not familiar with them and had not used them before. The text was also difficult for me to comprehend with and I could not analyze the meanings of the readings charge to me properly. Therefore, it was a very difficult situation for me and I needed a lot of guidance and help to overcome this problem. I did not know if I would ever be able to complete my education and achieve my degree from the university. But after thinking about my problem, I became determined that a person had to sacrifice and learn for becoming successful in his life. I decreased my leisure cartridg e clip and devoted my time to my education and learning. I organized myself and managed my time so that I could give the maximum time to my studies. I bought a pocket dictionary for myself so that I could look up for words and understand them instantly. I installed English learning software in my laptop as well so that I could learn the proper pronunciation of words as well and so that I could learn proper sentences and their meanings. I asked my friends to communicate with me in English and correct me where I got wrong. I kept a obstinate time for reading a newspaper article every day and to understand all the words in the article. I also worked towards the improvement of my writing skills by copying newspaper articles every day for up to one hour. I implemented these strategies as a part of my schedule and I do sure that I did not skip any of these activities. These were my personal steps to achieve success in my education. Teachers serve to be as true guides in the life of a pe rson. This was proved by the assistance that was provided to me by my teachers to overcome my problem.

Effects of legalizing illegal immigrants in california Essay

Effects of legalizing flagitious immigrants in california - Essay ExampleIllegal immigration is a big headache for the States in general and California in particular. Being a secular democracy, the States has opened their doors widely for most of the people from different parts of the country. Moreover, America is facing big manpower shortages in many fields which forced them to welcome more and more skilled professional from other countries like India, China, Pakistan etcetera But most of the immigrants who immigrate to America through legal channels will try to bring their relatives and friends also to America through legal and contraband channels in order to exploit the possibilities in America which created severe social, demographic and legal problems in America. California is one of the worst affected states in America as far as illegal immigration is concerned. This paper briefly analyses effects of legalizing illegal immigrants in CaliforniaCalifornia is very miserly to M exico which helped the Mexican immigrants to cross the border more easily than any others. It is estimated that there are currently about 12 million illegal immigrants in the get together States. In California alone it is estimated to be 3 million illegal immigrants (Illegal Immigration in California) The effects of illegal immigration is perceived differently by different people. Some people argue that illegal immigration is a blessing whereas some others are of the opinion that it is a curse to American people.Proponents of illegal immigration argue that California is one of the cheapest labour markets in America because of the excess illegal immigrants there. Most of the illegal immigrants, in order to survive in California will accept even cheaper work offers which normally the locals may not be ready to do. Thus the business people have the sumptuousness of cheap labours which increases their profits. The cheap labour helps business people to reduce the price of their products in order to compete more effectively in the domestic and foreign

Master Delivery Schedule (Event Management) Case Study

Master Delivery Schedule (Event Management) - Case Study ExampleThe River festival is held every(prenominal) year at several locations. This takings is run in both forms, be it free of cost or trade f atomic number 18 events. These kinds of festivals ar necessary for society so that people mickle interact with each other and are given a platform to turn the life into joy and fun. In todays clips every individual is tied up in their busy schedules and is busy neck deep in trying to make ends meet. Therefore, they do not find time to interact with each other and celebrate the life. Thus, these kinds of festivals are medium to connect people and give them a chance to get off their busy lifestyles and do it life. It is significant to note that people only want to go in festivals or celebrations that give them adequate amount of entertainment and leisure, which is only possible through reasoned event caution. The specialty of this river festival is that it provides high quality s ervices and entertainment to visitors and thats the reason it has gained immense popularity over the years. Another reason for the change magnitude popularity of this river festival is its association with Brisbane festival. Brisbane is also a big series of events, which is now merged with the River festival. Reason behind the merger is to give it the potential to be the beat festival in the whole of Australia. A large globally renowned Australian production company is also associated with this festival render its quality support. Thus, go around event management services are planned to make the even a huge success. Various cultural programs, music shows, visual arts etcetera are included in this festival to make it more interesting so that largest crowd can be attracted to the event (Maidstone river festival 2010). Identification and roles of keystone operations stakeholders Key operations stakeholders are significant entities in any master delivery schedule and the recognitio n of these key operations stakeholders is of prime importance. In Riverfestival, operations stakeholders play an important part and the success of this large scale event will be dependent on the same. Good operations stakeholders are identified by observing the activities being performed by various parties in Riverfestival. However, operations stakeholders claim their roles and perform the allocated tasks in the Riverfestival, if they perform good activities, then management of festival would not be a problem (Phillips and Stawarski 2008). Stakeholders of Riverfestival have various functions. These stakeholders include transportation agencies, law enforcement agencies, public safety agencies, event organizers, elected positive etc. The public safety agencies include fire and EMS. Emergency services and other concerned services for good event management in Riverfestival are only possible by proper coordination of all the stakeholders involved. Thus, it is obvious that stakeholders p lay a significant role in the success of Riverfestival. Implementation of various programs in an appropriate manner is also important. All programs are executed with the help of proper involvement of stakeholders (Global expertise in meeting and event management). Outline of job management planning and operations Traffic management planning and operations is also an important criterion for the success of Riverfestival. Traffic management planning includes good traffic control services required in a festival

China,Japan and Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

China,Japan and Korea - Essay ExampleThis form of government was in existence since 1644 to 1911 and it had a number of dynasties, for instance Xia, Shang and Tang (ChinaI 2). though this form of system was in existence for a long period, it had a number of faults that were the main reason for its fall. According to historical studies, some of the problems associated with this form of political system were that it was marred with not only nepotism but also corruption (ChinaI 11). For instance, court officials themselves were corrupt to the extent of planning intrigues against one another. Citizens were levied high amounts of money in form of taxes that the government spent on undertaking expensive military expeditions.Another example of the poor political system emerged during Mao Zedong era. Maos form of government was quite dictatorial that no one would dare oppose his opinions. Since not everyone loved Maos form of governance, this resulted to the Cultural vicissitude in 1966 tha t lasted for one decade (ChinaVI 3). During the revolution, Chinese students openly criticized the government. The case was similar during Deng Xiaoping reign whereby students were also unhappy with the form of governance, hence held protests in Tiananmen Square. After act down the order to vacate the square, Deng sent an army to disrupt the protest that resulted to massive loss of lives, most of whom were students (ChinaIV 18).Just like China, Japan also had many issues due to poor ancient political systems. Historically, the Togukawa government ruled Japan. The system comprised of shogun, daimyo and the samurai (Japan V 3). Apart from collecting taxes, the Togukawa government also had the task of controlling cities in addition to maintaining civil order. Japan had both formal and informal institutions informal institutions comprised of Zoku and Amakudari. Whereas Zoku was a policy tribe comprised of politicians working together for a

Critically discuss the proposition; ''organisational culture cannot be Essay

Critically discuss the proposition organisational culture cannot be managed - Essay ExampleThe move raises the interrogative sentence of how easy it is to manage or to change organisational cultures.There is widespread criticism of the common culture management approaches by various scholars in recent studies, it is demonstrate that managers are continually engaging themselves in planned cultural interventions (Griffin & Moorhead 2011). Their main concerns are that organisational cultures determine the image and the performances of organisations and harm to address the issue would signify failure in organisational goals. The studies indicate that managing organisational cultures is the most common and popular form of managerial interventions. Organisational atmospheres usually change and organisational cultures evolve with time and generations in an organisation (Alvesson, 2002).Organisations emerge because of a group of people having a common goal of working together to achieve a common goal. For a single person, the tasks would be challenging or impossible. The process it takes for organisational culture formation starts creation of small groups of individuals with a common idea or notion in organisational operations. These finally generate long-lasting organisational cultures that crown from one generation to another.In the past two decades, the issues of organisational culture have had much attention especially in the health sector. The Health sector is a critical area where cultures determine various aspects in the services and operations (Scott et al., 2003). In the UK, for example, the central governments have been actively promoting structural change in the UK discipline Health Services (NHS). It is in an effort to secure sufficient gains in the health care performance (Davies et al., 2000). The main goal of the central government policies lies on the development of cultural changes in view of structural change.

Anesthesia and Awake Craniotomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Anesthesia and Awake Craniotomy - Essay ExampleSuch recording is termed electrocorticography (ECoG). The example of ECoG allows a topographical symbolize to be made of the brain. This map shows the locations of primary and secondary epileptogenic discharges, as well as the route and extent of the spread of much(prenominal) electrical activity. 3, 4, 5 and 6At our institution, patients undergoing craniotomy while cautious normally have a tumor or epileptic foci removed. Patients who undergo the removal of a tumor close to a motor, speech, or sensory area slackly are awake before resection is begun so that neurological function can be tested.7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 In these patients, ECoG is not usually performed. However, other physiological monitoring, such as sensory evoked responses (SER) and/or electromyography (EMG), may be used. 13 Patients who undergo removal of an epileptic focus in the brain are also chiefly awake for neurological function testing. In addition, ECoG is a lmost always performed.Awake testing includes some or all of the following immediate and/or slow up memory, association, and/or pattern discrimination of words and/or pictures, and other related tests.14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 Awake testing may also include motor exercise in response to electrical stimulation, voluntary motor movement, muscle strength, and other related tests. 20 These tests are often complex and subtle, and require that the patients consciousness not be impaired by anesthetic agent or other drugs. The other types of monitoring that may be performed include ECoG, SER, and/or EMG. These modalities are all impaired in a dose-related manner by many anesthetic drugs. Clearly, if the aforementioned testing is to be used, the interference of anesthetic drugs is not wanted.21 and 22 Our approach to anesthetic management for awake craniotomies has evolved over more than 30 years in cooperation with surgeons at our institution internationally known for their work in this area. The approach we use today is an service over the one we used decades ago and, no doubt, the approach we will use several decades from now will be different than the one we use today. The follow sections describe our current guidelines. Guidelines for awake craniotomyGoalsAt each stage of the procedure, our management goals are tailored to the specific needs at that stage. One of the earlier alarming aspects of our approach is that even though the patient is anesthetized for parts of the procedure that dont require the patient to be awake, we do not secure the airway with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA), endotracheal tube, or similar device. Thus, one of our goals is careful monitoring of the airway to prevent undetected airway obstruction. A large counterweight of the patients undergoing awake craniotomy at our institution have epilepsy that is not controllable with drug therapy. In such patients, seizures may occur during surgery. Thus, a second goal of anesthetic management is prompt treatment of grand mal seizures. The knowledge of being awake and under surgical drapes while their brain is being operated on concerns many patients. Thus, a third goal of anesthet

Learning Team Reflection Essay Example for Free

Learning Team Reflection EssayAlan Litchman and Laura B. Trust, Co-Presidents of Finagle a Bagel, own a bagel business in Boston (Parrino, Kidwell, Bates, 2012). Alan and Laura met in business school and after gaining business experience in other(a) industries they purchased the bagel business with the intent of maturation it as much as possible. They have two primary target markets 1) retail stores and 2) wholesale accounts with large institutions. In this paper, we will briefly discuss a few of the strategies they used to manage their working great(p). The owners of Finagle a Bagel were tired of working for other people so they decided to buy star new business. They have used several financial concepts to manage the financial accountability of their teensy business. They have controlled costs from the beginning of the process to the deliin truth of the product, as well as the administrative costs.Other items that have been highlighted are the management of cash flow, payb ack, and the schedule of cash entries, which has allowed the company to pay its debts. They have established a good relationship with the banks in order to negotiate the time frame for compensations and rate. Suppliers are also a key success occurrenceor for the company, as the payment terms are negotiated to match the flow cash. The companys focus is to maintain its financial management so that the business may grow and cede large profits. The Finagle a Bagel also has a policy of recognizing the hard work of their employees. The owners believe that managers and employees are responsible for the success of the company. Together, the company is growing in a sustainable and financially healthy way. According to Alan Litchman, when making any investment, first one has to understand what the demand for the new product is deprivation to be, and what kind of product can be made with the new equipment (Parrino, Kidwell, bates, 2012).Alongside his wife, Mr. Litchman explained how impor tant it is to understand the companys performance and opportunities to better apply capital investment in the company. They both explained, in their own words, the importance of setting up strategies and planning before putting a new product on the market. The couple also spoke about debt. Laura Trust said that debt is a necessary evil and sometimes taking debt has its benefits if compared to finding capital through other means, such as pursuing a partner (Parrino, Kidwell, Bates, 2012). In this case they did not want to take a venture capital partner because the owners precious to have authoritywhen making business decisions, thus avoiding working for someone else (Parrino, Kidwell, Bates, 2012). This shows that the owners prefer a business structure like a sole proprietorship. Lastly, the fact that chase rates have been dropping for small business also supported their decision to take on debt to invest in the company. The couple is very educated when making business decisions, as they understand that even when a company has financial resources, the business gains more by obtaining financial resources from banks with small interest rates, while allowing the resources they have to generate dividends with higher interest rates.This is generally called borrowing cheap money (Investopedia, 2014). Finally, credit is also discussed. They mentioned trade credit, which is the amount of time given over to pay back vendors for the products bought. The longer the term, the better, as it allows time to receive revenue before having to pay the debt. This is another very important recommendation on how to properly use cash flow and avoid taking on debt. Overall, Alan Litchman and Laura B. Trust demonstrate a thorough understanding of how to manage their capital so that their small business continues to grow and increase their net profits, despite economic challenges in the community and the country.ReferencesInvestopedia. (2014). Cheap Money. Retrieved from http//www.in vestopedia.com/terms/c/cheap-money.asp Parrino, R., Kidwell, D., Bates, T. (2012) Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, (2nd Ed) John Wiley Sons Inc.

Analysis and Interpretation Essay Example for Free

Analysis and Interpretation EssayData analysis and entropy indication are closely related, only when have different meanings. Lets first define the meaning of the word selective information. Data is defined as factual information that can be utilize as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or calculation. There are several different types of selective information. It can as well as be defined as information output by a sensing device or organ that includes both mathematical functionful and ir germane(predicate) or redundant information and must be shapeed to be meaningful.Now that data has been defined, in order to put together the meaning and uses of data analysis and interpretation, analysis and interpretation would need meaning and definition as well. Analysis is a word that is used to define separation or breakdown of something whole into its separate components. In reference to data, data analysis is a breakdown of information and facts that were compiled or processed t o form data. Data analysis includes inspection of data, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to form supportive information.Data analysis is a process that contains several phases. There are two parts that are clearly defined, that is initial and main data analysis. Data cleaning is a relevant procedure that is is used to en trusted the high quality of data and the opportunity to make corrections to any incorrect or improper data. During this process data is documented, corrected, and saved. An example of data analysis would be individuals submitted answers to a survey or tip. Their submissions would be processed to form data. So all of their submissions would be the data analysis.The results of the poll or survey would lead to interpretation. Interpretation involves action. Data interpretation is applying statistical procedure to analyze specific facts from a study of body of research. It is the act or result of interpreting. It can be described as an explanation of results o r reasoning. Interpretation is used to define data or justify actions due to standard data. It is often used in the same sense as the word translation or decoding. Initial data analysis is the process of taking cool or gathered data, process it and develop conclusions and useful information.There are some guidance movements that can be used to frame this process. The first question is, what is the quality of the data,. The quality of data is very pertinent to leading to the interpretation of data. We would want to review the quality of the data as early on in the process as possible. Next, we want to know the quality of meters. According to the data being used, we want to be sure to use the proper method of measurement for accuracy. Keeping in mind, the intentions and purpose of collecting the data, we should check the success of data analysis.If the purpose was not met, one should check data sampling and make sure none of the data was compromised to manipulate the results. If t he process was successful, the results can be interpreted in a form that will present either a halt or exploratory approach. It is best to do this prior to collecting the data. Confirmatory would present clear hypotheses about the data, while exploratory can involve ternary models used to find ideas for a theory, but not to test that theory. Confirmatory can be used to test theory and can prove to be more informative.Interpretation of data involves taking the raw facts, explaining the meaning or significance of data gathered. When the data is gathered and has been analyzed, one can take the findings and process them to have meaning. What that analyzed information means is the interpretation. There are different examples of data analysis and interpretation. As mentioned earlier, poll and survey, research studies of data samples. The results of data interpretation can be presented as a number, a statement, an explanation, or visually on a chart or graph for easier comparison.This me thod can be said to be a correlation method. This occurs when two or more sets of data are compared to see if there is in fact some family between two or more sets of data. Descriptive statistics is another type of interpretation. Mathematically referred to as the average number in a set. This method is used to get an individuals final grade, as an example. This can also be used as a guide on a appendage/height chart. Referenced when many people shop to make sure they are not paying or offering above or under average.Regression coefficient is used to establish the cause of correlation or the relationship between two sets of data. Many professional employed by major companies, financial, medical, and, educational field use this method for different uses. Financial companies use data analysis and interpretation to set rates and increase productivity. Medical professionals perform data analysis on individuals and on large population of people. They use this information to keep up wi th average age, weight, or even regional location of a specific disease or disorder.Educators use data analysis and interpretation not only to evaluate existing or potential students, but also as a way to keep track of the enrollment of students. They track how many students enroll and transfer to another school, the graduation and dropout rate. They also are satisfactory to compile data to accommodate students and set tuition rate and introduce or discontinue certain courses. All three of the aforementioned fields, also use this data method to present themselves to the public.Their funding also depends upon the information gathered from research and planning according to their results of data analysis and interpretation. We see evidence of data analyst and interpretation numerous times a day. Insurance quotes, medicine dosage, gas prices, even the order in which items are placed on the shelves in grocery depots. A study has been done to find out how to make consumers spend more w hen they shop. Grocers and retailers have used this study to arrange their products and to make changes to their store layout, to become more appealing to shoppers.

Chemistry Diploma Paper Essay Example for Free

Chemistry Diploma Paper Essay1. Attempt both ten of the following a) wherefore is an constituent electrically neutral ? b) Differentiate between isotopes and isobars. c) Define conductor and nonconductor. d) State Faradays second law of electrolysis. e) Define cell. Give its classification. f) Explain the terms mineral and ore. g) Define alloys with suitable example. h) What is nickel silver ? Write its composition. i) Give composition of glass-wool. j) Name the types of plastics with examples of each. k) Define COD of sewage. l) Define Air-pollution. Give its magnitude.2. Attempt any quaternion of the following 16 a) Give the comparison of electron, proton and neutron w.r.to their symbol, change, mass and location within an atom. b) Give four points of distinction between orbit and orbital. c) Write orbital electronic configuration of the following elements 24 39 20 N14 , Mg 12 , K 19 , Ne10 7d) Describe the formation of NaCl molecule with diagram and refer the type of bonding. e) Explain electrovalency and covalency with example. f) State and explain Faradays first law of electrolysis. P.T.O.12002*12002* MARKS 3. Attempt any four of the following 16 a) delineate diagram and explain the construction working of lead-acid storage cell. b) A given quantity of electricity is passed through two cells containing copper sulphate and silver nitrate respectively. If 0.99 gms of silver and 0.29 gms of copper are deposited, find equivalent weight of silver when that of copper is 31.6. c) Explain the mechanism of electrolysis of fused sodium-chloride by using carbon electrodes. d) Why copper is electro-refined ? Describe the process of electro-refining of copper. e) Explain construction working and application of dry-cell. f) Define metallurgy. Outline the general principle of metallurgy.4. Attempt any four of the following 16 a) Define the terms flux, slag, malleability and toughness. b) Write composition, properties and applications of Alnico and Woods metal. c) Explain with diagram the gravity separation used for concentration of iron-ore. d) Differentiate calcination and roasting. e) Write any four purposes of making alloys. f) Explain the fusion method for manufacture of alloys. 5. Attempt any four of the following 16 a) State four properties of plastics and write the uses base on each of given properties. b) What is thermocole ? Give its properties and applications. c) What is rubber ? What is the difference between natural and synthetic rubber ?d) What is green-house-effect ? State the measure to control it. e) Explain the causes of urine pollution. f) What is bio-medical-waste ? Give two techniques for its disposal. 6. Attempt any four of the following a) Write properties and application of glass-wool. b) Explain any four major sources causing air-pollution. c) Write any four methods to control water pollution. d) What is preventive environmental management ? Give one example. e) Distinguish between air-pollution due to vehicle and industries. f) Write short throwaway on effect of E-waste. 16

Intersections Of Gender Maps For Lost Lovers English Literature Essay

Intersections Of Gender Maps For confounded Lovers English Literature EssayThis article proposes a put downing of Nadeem Aslams Maps for Lost Lovers as a story of multiple critiques on the mooring of Muslim immigrants in Great Britain. Using the solution of the case of the eponymic lost lovers as the starting point for the recital the novel relates how the Pakistani immigrant association deals with the expiration of the couple and the ch wholeenges the note killing poses to their apparitional beliefs. In the narration the two main characters, Kaukab and Shamas, represent two conflicting emplacements on life in the diasporic community and the coping with the tragedy. By focusing on the setting and the created air travel in the novel and connecting it to the intersections of sexual activity and religious identities this article rams to point out the ways in which Aslams novel gives the reader insights into the Pakistani immigrant community of the novel and how it, by subv ersively reconfiguring the patriarchal smart set, exerts firearmifold literary criticism on the Muslim immigrant community as much as on the failing multicultural British society.Das Ziel dieses Artikel ist es, verschiedene Interpretationsanstze stilbesterol Romans Maps for Lost Lovers vorzustellen, die auf der Kritik an der Situation muslimischer Einwanderer in Grobritannien basieren, die Nadeem Aslam eindrucksvoll in fish Erzhlung einfliessen lsst. Der Roman, der die Auflsung stilbestrol Ehrenmordes an den na workforcesgebenden Lost Lovers zum Ausgangspunkt der Erzhlung whlt, erlaubt durch seine Erzhlstrategien durchaus unterschiedliche Lesarten. Durch die Fokussierung der Erzhlung auf hauptschlich zwei Protagonisten, Kaukab und Shamas, die grundverschiedene Einstellungen zu dem Leben in der diasporischen Gemeinschaft widerspiegeln und ihre persnlichen Ansichten wiedergeben, erlaubt Aslam dem Leser die Ereignisse in der patriarchalen Gemeinschaft durch ihre Perspektiven wahrz unehmen und zu interpretieren. Die dabei aufeinanderprallenden Wertesysteme geben Einblicke in die verschiedenen teils radikalen Positionen innerhalb der Gemeinschaft, die letztendlich zu der am Anfang stehenden Katastrophe fhren. Durch eine verbindende Analyse des Handlungsorts und der vorherrschende Atmosphre des Romans mit der Intersektion von Geschlechts- und Glaubensidentitten zeigt dieser Artikel die vielfltigen Mglichkeiten zur Interpretation und vollzieht die verschiedenen Kritiken die der Roman an der die Integration verweigernden pakistanischen Gemeinschaft und der versagenden multikulturellen britischen Gesellschaft bt.IntroductionIn conjunction with almost daily news-coverage on terrorist attacks by fundamental Islamist groups in the Middle East a growing suspicion against Muslim communities in Europe can be noticed. In the rout out of 9/11 and 7/7 the strong foundations of European multiculturalism seem to work been unsettled. Even in Great Britain, which has a lon g history of immigration from the South Asiatic subcontinent, racialism against Muslim communities is worsening, as has recently been found in the report by the European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance on the United Kingdom.1Stereotypes and prejudices against so-called parallel societies, as some(prenominal) closed immigrant communities sacrifice come to be designated, are repeatedly underscored, for example by public discussions to the highest degree the right of Muslim women to wear the traditional burka or a veil.2In such a precarious socio-historical context a novel akin Nadeem Aslams Maps for Lost Lovers3seems to be adding fuel to the fire.Maps for Lost Lovers, Aslams second novel and winner of the Pakistan Academy of Letters Patras Bokhari award of the Government of Pakistan, centres on a South Asiatic immigrant community in an unnamed British town. The narration sets in after the disappearance of the lovers Chanda and Jugnu and the ensuing arrest of Chandas b rothers for the alleged murder of the couple. In the year that follows the detect killings of the lovers, who lived in sin according to Islamic law because Chandas husband could not persuaded to divorce her even though he had left her years ago, Maps for Lost Lovers dramatises how the Pakistani inhabitants of the tightly-knit community try to cope with the anguish the disappearance of the lovers and the uncertainty concerning their extremity brings over them. Wavering amongst the unlikely hope that the couple just fled the community to enjoy a dispassionate life and the almost certain knowledge of their deaths although their bodies were not found, the characters of the novel also have to deal with the challenges to their religious beliefs pose by the murders and the question how to abide to Islamic laws in exile.Although the narration portrays some of the worst aspects of life in Pakistani communities honour killings, religious obscurantism, gender inequities to name nomina ted a few it is however also a book of great humanity and compassion4. These few aspects of the Pakistani community depicted in Maps for Lost Lovers, which Kamila Shamsie pointed out in an interview with the author, will be the starting point of the following analysis. This paper sets out to examine the immigrant community, which is based on the obedience of the Islamic law, and illustrate how an atmosphere of claustrophobia is narratively created in the patriarchal society. In a second step I will point out intersections of gender and religious individualism and gender inequities that are reinforced by the Islamic belief of the communities. Further, I will try to record how the characters, on the one hand, fall victim to the gender roles their belief assigns them, but, on the other hand, also use and subvert these roles to shape the community in traditional and religious ways that reinforces the patriarchal structures of the community and promotes religious obscurantism.By focuss ing on the atmosphere of the patriarchal society as easily as the gender roles presented in the novel I aim to show the diverse levels of criticism Aslam offers for interpretation in Maps for Lost Lovers. It is my main argument that the novel offers at least three ways for reading first, it can be read as backing up suspicious looks at Muslims in British streets and confirm the stereotypes presented by the media. Second, it can be read as native criticism of colonisation in that certain structures of the British Empire are being invoked, reproduced and proven to be leading to catastrophe. And last, the novel can be read as a criticism on immigrant communities in Britain and their desperate wish to avoid integration. An interweaving of these possible readings of the novel will show the potential of the novel to sustain fix the foundations of European multicultural societies.Dasht-e-Tanhaii, or The Desert of LonelinessThe eponymous lost lovers of the novels title are Chanda and Jug nu, who disappear before the narration sets in and whose fate remains unsolved for most part of the story. In the absence of the couple the rest of the community and their reactions function as a foil for the lovers decision to forswear the laws of Islam in order to be together and their readiness to bear the consequences of their choice. In the wake of their disappearance the rest of the community is torn mingled with mourning the loss of members of their community and a sense of righteousness that the lovers have been punished for their indecent behaviour.Especially Jugnus older brother Shamas and his married woman Kaukab, who live next door to the kinsfolk of Sin (MLL 59), move into the centre of the omniscient narrators attention. Through a varying focalization on the two main characters, Shamas and Kaukab, and a boost complementation with isolated points of view of other, minor characters such as Shamas and Kaukabs children and Suraya, the woman Shamas has an affair with, a multi giftted narration of the year following the arrest of Chandas brothers for murdering the lovers is presented. The created open spot structure of the novel, the various individual perspectives within the text and their relation to each other, gives insights into the norms and value systems of the characters and the perspective of the omniscient narrator and gum olibanum allows inspection into the workings of the be society.5The unspecified English town in which the drama around the lost lover unfolds is renamed Dasht-e-Tanhaii by the diasporic South Asian community. The inhabitants of the town have come to England from all over the South Asian subcontinent, representing the manifold nationalities that had come under the rule of the British Empire. Translating as The Wilderness of Solitude or The Desert of Loneliness (cf. MLL 29), Dasht-e-Tanhaii is a telling-name for the neighbourhood. Although the characters share a similar cultural background and the experience of exile, their religious differences and the fear to have to interact with white people paralyses them. Representatively for the community Kaukab relates thatshe had made friends with some women in the area but she barely know what lay beyond the neighbourhood and didnt know how to deal with strangers full of apprehension concerning the white race and disquieting with people of another Subcontinental religion or grouping. (MLL 32)The inability to interact with people of a different skin colour or different religious beliefs renders it unattainable for the people of Dasht-e-Tanhaii not to be lonely. The neighbourhood is further described as very quite, as it hoards its secrets, unwilling to let on the pain in its breast. Shame, guilt, honour and fear are like padlocks hanging from mouths. No one makes a sound in case it coerces attention. No one speaks. No one breathes. (MLL 45) The confined atmosphere created in the novel forces the characters to spend their lives in solitude, always af raid their neighbours might learn about their secrets.Another interesting aspect of the setting of the novel that further contributes to the claustrophobic atmosphere is the concealment of the name and location of the English town in contrast to the renaming with the immigrants. The appropriation of the metropolitan neighbourhood through the diasporic South Asian community and a setting of strict limits to isolate it from the rest of the town6, reverses the imperialist colonization of the immigrants home countries. The renaming of streets and landmarks within the neighbourhood further supports this argument and highlights the reverse appropriation of social space.As in Lahore, a road in this town is named after Goethe. There is a Park channel here as in Calcutta, a Malabar Hill as in Bombay, and a Naag Tolla Hill as in Dhaka. Because it was difficult to pronounce the English names, the men who arrived in this town in the 1950s had re-christened everything they saw before them. The y had come from across the Subcontinent, lived together ten to a room, and the name that one of them happened to give to a street or landmark was compressn up by the others, regardless of where they themselves were from. But over the decades, as more and more people came, the various nationalities of the Subcontinent have changed the names according to the specific country they themselves are from Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan. Only one name has been accepted by every group, remaining unchanged. Its the name of the town itself. Dasht-e-Tanhaii. (MLL 29)As Cordula Lemke has pointed out, the process of the multiple renamings according to the various cultural backgrounds of the immigrants transforms the neighbourhood into an enormous palimpsest7. Taking up the street names the British introduced in their colonies on the Asian subcontinent, naming a road after a German writer, and transplanting them to the immigrant community in Britain can be read as a system of decolon ization. With the originally British structure of the neighbourhood is left scarcely discernable underneath the different names, this process accentuates the transitional status of all cultures8. Analysing the map9and cartographical discourse as a demonstration of the empowering strategies of colonialist rhetoric10, Huggan argues for the palimpsest to illustrate the deficiencies of the colonialist strategiesThe contradictory coherence implied by the maps systematic inscription on a supposedly uninscribed orb reveals it, moreover, as a palimpsest covering over alternative spatial configurations which, once brought to light, indicate both the plurality of possible perspectives on, and the inadequacy of any single homunculus of, the world.11However, the process of renaming the streets in this novel also significantly resembles the developments of the different countries of the subcontinent under the British rule leading up to the partition of India in 1947. From a peaceful living tog ether the situation of the immigrants changes to a silent coexistence without much interaction just like on the subcontinent itself where the former Indian nation splits up into India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. And on the button as on the subcontinent it is the religious beliefs that now segregate the people where they, before the partition, had belonged together.12Therefore, in occupying parts of the British town and renaming its streets the neighbourhood, on the one hand, subversively replicates the colonial situation on the subcontinent. On the other hand, however, it also relives the traumatic experience of a society being divided on religious lines.13In the doubling of post-colonial criticism the narrative intensity of Aslams writing becomes clear and challenges the reader for an interpretation. The possible interpretations that are invited by the renaming of the British streets, namely the subversive criticism on the Empire and the extravaganza of the colonial si tuation to stabilize and promote the rigid religious division of the community, can both be argued for.What the interpretations share, however, are the sense of loss and an essential sadness, which Edward state ascribes the exile.14At bottom, exile is a jealous state. With very little to possess, you hold on to what you have with aggressive defensiveness. What you achieve in exile is precisely what you have no wish to share, and it is in the drawing of lines around you and your compatriots that the least attractive aspects of being an exile emerge an exaggerated sense of group solidarity as well as a passionate hostility towards aliens, even those who may in fact be in the same predicament as you.15In this piece, compose for Harpers Magazine twenty years prior to the novel, Said describes exactly the situation of the characters in Maps for Lost Lovers. In the blind defensiveness of their traditions and beliefs, the immigrants of Dasht-e-Tanhaii are passionate in their racism again st the white inhabitants of the town and condemn their exile in Great Britain for all the evil that has happened to them.Kaukab knows her dissatisfaction with England is a slight to Allah because He is the creator and ruler of the entire soil as the stone carving on Islamabad airport reminds and reassures the heartbroken people who are having to leave Pakistan but she cannot contain her homesickness and uninterruptedly asks for courage to face this lonely ordeal that He has chosen for her in His wisdom. (MLL 31)The loss of their home country and the realisation that they will never go back to Pakistan fills the women with a emotional state of unbearable loss. Whereas they manage to bring back the colours of their parental homes and rename the streets so that they do not sound so unfamiliar, there are overly many things in exile, which they cannot replace. The immutable feeling of loss, which makes the immigrants in Dasht-e-Tanhaii refrain from leaving their solitude, is the u biquitous atmosphere of the narration and as such is already introduced in the source of the novel by Shamas.Among the innumerable other losses, to come to England was to lose a season, because, in the part of Pakistan that he is from, there are five seasons in a year, not four, the schoolchildren learning their names and sequence through classroom chants Mausam-e-Sarma, Bahar, Mausam-e-Garma, Barsat, Khizan. Winter, Spring, Summer, Monsoon, Autumn. (MLL 5)The loss of the season, of a structuring part of a year, a part that marks the passing of time, and is as irretrievable as the lost lovers, reflects the stasis of the society of Dasht-e-Tanhaii. In missing a part that marks the passing of time, change and development have become impossible for the inhabitants of the community. In the knowledge of missing a season, the structure of the novel, which is divided into four parts, each named after one of the four seasons in England, seems like a constant remainder that Maps for Lost L overs is all about encompassing loss. Correspondingly, Said points out a life of exile moves according to a different calendar, and is less seasonal and settled than life at home.16The thus created atmosphere is a fertile soil for the kind of religious fundamentalism some of the characters, especially Kaukab, the sister-in-law of the murdered Jugnu, prefer to integration. The great fact of isolation and displacement, which produces the kind of narcissistic masochism that resists all efforts at amelioration, acculturation, and community17, which Kaukab claims for herself, leads to what Vijay Mishra has termed the diasporic imaginary18. Mishra theorizes that, in order to preserve the loss of the diasporic experience communities construct racist fictions of purity as a kind of joy and pleasure around which anti-miscegenation narratives of homelands are constructed against the reality of the homelands themselves.19The unknown British town is constantly contrasted with Pakistan and de picted as foreign territory, in which the laws of Islam have become the sole source of orientation for most of the inhabitants. Kaukab, as the rest of the community, therefore exalts the Pakistan of her memory to an idealised nation in which Islam still figures prominently in everyday life.If her children were still living at home, or if Shamas was back from work, Kaukab would have asked the matchmaker to lower her voice to a whisper, not whishing her children to hear anything bad about Pakistan or the Pakistanis, not wishing to provide Shamas with the opportunity to make a disrespectful comment about Islam, or peak through his expression that he harboured contrary views on Allahs inherent greatness but she is alone in the house, so she lets the woman talk. (MLL 42)This diasporic imaginary, the glorification of Pakistan, serves the immigrants as a role model for their society. As Islam prescribes they recreate the patriarchal social structures in which the women wait at home for th eir husbands to return and are afraid to be seen talk to men on the street, daughters are being arranged to marry their cousins in Pakistan, lovers of different religions forbidden to marry (cf. MLL 9), husbands agreeing to medical procedures on their wives for fear of immigration government activity (cf. MLL 14) and fathers renouncing their daughters for living in sin after three failed marriages to Pakistani men (cf. MLL 176). In this strict Islamic law-abiding community the gender roles of the characters seem to be as traditional as the rest of the customs the immigrants live by. However, in the following section I will argue that in the patriarchal society with the claustrophobic sentiment it is not altogether the male characters that drive on the strict Islamic code of behaviour but even more so the women who obstruct any kind of integration.Intersections of Gender and Religion in Maps for Lost LoversAnalysing gender identities in a novel such as Maps for Lost Lovers is, as the previous discussion of the atmosphere of the novel has shown, closely interlinked with religious identities within the community. With the discussion of gender roles and gender identities in relation to power structures has been an established report of research for literary scholars, a terminological distinction between different religious identities within Islam appears to be helpful for the further analysis.20Therefore I unavoidableness to draw attention to the difference of the terms Muslim and Islamist, as spelled out by Miriam Cooke21. Cooke points out that the two terms, which might inadvertently be confused, hint at a significant distinction.To be Muslim, according to Cooke, is an ascribed identity Those to whom a Muslim identity is ascribed participate in a Muslim culture and community without ineluctably accepting all of its norms and values.22While Muslims can be secular and only occasionally observe some of the rituals, Islamists achieve their sometimes militant i dentity by devoting their lives to the establishment of an Islamic state.23This op couch, which arguably attracts criticism of essentialism, in this analysis, however, will serve the purpose of breaking up common stereotypes concerning the intersection of gender and religious identities. It is the aim of the following analysis to show that the intersections of gender identities and religious identities, which would be expected in patriarchal societies as the one depicted in Maps for Lost Lovers to draw the picture of male Islamists and female Muslims, are being subverted to point out the dangers of religious fundamentalism and how it can lead to religious obscurantism.The arising question of religion and feminism has posed itself as difficult field for research, especially for postcolonial feminists. Ania Loomba has pointed out two significant developments in this field Many postcolonial regimes have been outrightly repressive of womens rights, using religion as the basis on which t o enforce their subordination.24Especially in Islamic countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran or Afghanistan national identity is based on the Islamicisation of civil society, an alliance between fundamentalism and the State, which entails severe curtailment of freedom for women.25However, she also sees a development that tries to harness womens political activity and even militancy to right-wing movements and especially to religious fundamentalism. In various parts of the world, women have been active campaigners for the Hindu, Islamic or Christian right-wing movements.26These two opposing developments, however contradictory they seem, deal with stereotypical assumptions as the figure of the immigrant woman victim27, as for example jurist Leti Volpp has analysed and debunked.Kaukab and Shamas as well as Suraya, the characters the narrator focalizes upon for the most part of the novel, through their personal perspective give a very interesting insight into their conceptions of the intersections between gender and religious identity.28They represent different positions on the spectrum between secular Muslims and Islamists and interestingly provide a one sided picture of the gender distribution amongst these religious identities.Shamas, who opens the narration, was brought up as a Muslim yet considers himself a non-believer (MLL 20) and instead of drawing on religion for moral and ethical support as the rest of the community, he turns to communism (cf. MLL 324).29His secularism makes him a mediator between the different religious groups of Dasht-e-Tanhaii. He uses his outsiders position to move about freely between the mosque and the Hindu temple of the community. Further, his general openness and willingness to interact with people of different religious and cultural backgrounds, which again renders him an outsider to the community, makes him become the only connection to the British societyThe director of the Community Relations Council, Shamas is the person the neighbourhood turns to when unable to negotiate the white world on its own, visiting his office in the town centre or bringing the problem to his front door that opens directly into the blue-walled kitchen with the yellow chairs. (MLL 15)This position, as mediator between the immigrant community and the British society, on the one hand makes him a person of respect in the neighbourhood. On the other hand, his secularism arises suspicion, even in his own wife who disapproves of his criticism of Islam and even blames her father for choosing an unbelieving husband who is not even a proper Muslim in her eyes (cf. MLL 34). His worldliness and openness further, in the eyes of his wife, make him a bad father to their three childrenOh your father will be angry, oh your father will be upset Mah-Jabin had grown up hearing these sentences, Kaukab trying to obtain legitimacy for her own decisions by invoking his name. She exigencyed him to be angry, she needed him to be angry. She had cas t him in the role of the head of the firm and he had to act accordingly . (MLL 111)Even though Kaukab, in accordance with her own upbringing, expects Shamas to fulfil his role as head of the family his performance does not seem satisfactory to Kaukab, as Mah-Jabins remembrance shows. Shamas thus disappoints the expectations on his character as believing Muslim and head of the family.When Suraya, Shamas secret love affair, comes back to England from Pakistan, where her husband had split up her in a drunken stupor, her sole aim is to find a man who will marry her for a short period of time and therefore divorce her again so that she can return to Pakistan to her first husband to remarry him (cf. MLL 149). As the Islamic law states that she has to be married to another man before her first husband can take her back, she is desperate to quickly find somebody before her first husband changes his mind and does not want her back. When Suraya meets Shamas he is immediately drawn to her. Finding her scarf on his way back home from the town centre, where he regularly picks up the newspaper, his paper move into the river he walks along while bending down to pick up the scarf. Hes suddenly lighter, his muscles relieved, the fingers holding nothing but that scarf which has butterfly blue lozenges along its crenulated edges. (MLL 135) Suraya takes advantage of the physicalness of this first encounter, in which Shamas seems to shift off a burden, maybe the burden Kaukab has put on him with her expectations, and starts an affair with him. While Shamas really enjoys the tenderness of their encounters, Suraya just wants to trick him into marrying her and is not reluctant to lie about being pregnant. She thus exploits her femininity and her religious beliefs to get Shamas to commit adultery and thus fulfils her own personal needs not caring about the consequences of her actions or Shamas feelings (cf. MLL 254). Suraya just legitimises the affair with the Islamic law and her wish to remarry her first husband.In contrast to the secular Shamas and the moderate Muslim Suraya, Kaukab is a strict Islamist, justifying all her actions and her behaviour with her belief in Islam. With her religious bigotry she puts off her three children who, in the course of the narration visit the house only once. In the course of that visit her estranged children get into a heated discussion with Kaukab about the status of women in Pakistan and in which she has to defend herself against reproaches of her family (cf. MLL 323 ff.). Her misconducts, as for example poisoning her youngest son with bromide because a Muslim cleric told to do so (MLL 303 f.), or marrying her only daughter to a violent man in Pakistan and not seeing where she could have done wrong (cf. MLL 326), which stem from her religious obscurantism come to a closing when Shamas is being attacked by a group of Islamists who Kaukab had once secretly charged with finding her sons. In her blind belief in Islam she finally blames Shamas for her childrens hatred (MLL 328) and tries to take her own life. Even when it comes to her own physical health she does not deviate from her faith Kaukab has reached that age where her womb is slipping out of her vagina and must be each surgically removed or stitched back to the inner lining of her body . Her womb the first dress of her daughter, the first address of her sons is a constant source of pain these days and she comes down the stairs carefully. She tells herself that she must bear up patiently, that a person is like a tealeaf drop it into boiling water system if you want to see its true colour. She reads verses from the Koran when the pain looks as though it is about to increase. (MLL 260)In contrast to the imagination of the woman usually cast as mothers or wives called upon to literally and figuratively reproduce the nation