Habermas on Virtue :: Ethics Morals Papers

Habermas on VirtueAlthough Habermas has never worked out a conception of law and indeed criticizes this notion whenever he uses it, his theory crucially depends on the innocent attitude of participants in conference be it in the realm of democracy and law or that of morality. In this paper, in which I deal only with the honest foundations of morality, I argue first that the norms of discourse which are gained from a presuppositional analysis of speech as such have to be complemented by the sensitive lore on the side of the recipients. Only when the claims are understood in their full significance for the speaker does the discourse live up to the ideal which is already judge in every speech act. This presuppositional analysis shows secondly that it is mainly the virtuous attitude that is morally relevant and not those capacities for acting morally that the agent already possesses. However, the virtuous attitude genuinely entails the obligation to strive to perfect all those cap acities that enable us to sensitively understand the others claim. A discussion of the (discursive) capacities that have to be promoted leads to the singling out of sensitivity as contrasted to immediate empathy. It is the reflexive transcendence of the agents evaluative patterns that allows this emotion to sit well with a post-conventional morality. Finally, I discuss a accomplishable caveat of Wellmer and Habermas who might claim that the proposed conception of virtue would only be valid for participants in discourse, but not for agents acting in the life-world. However, because the discursive virtue is of wide latitude, it does not fall under this objection. The last several years have seen an impressive revival of interest in the concept of virtue. In contrast, the discourse morals of Jrgen Habermas seems to be especially inadequate to account for the ethical significance of virtue, because by emphasizing intersubjective procedures it plays down the importance of individual q ualities. In fact, Habermas uses the status virtue rarely, and where he does use it, he criticizes it harshly for presupposing a shared conception of the good life. (1) However, as I will argue in this paper, there is a conception of deontological virtue which is not only compatible, but indispensable for Habermass theory. Thus, although he attempts to externalize virtue as much as possible into procedures, discourse ethics has to presuppose that the participants possess a genuinely virtuous attitude.

To Kill A Mockingbird: Influences on Scout from Interactions w/ Others :: Free Essay Writer

To Kill A Mockingbird Influences on vigil from Interactions w/ OthersGrowing up in Maycomb, Southern Alabama in the 1930s was not an easy thing. Amid a town of prejudice and racism, stood a lone family unit where equality and respect for all gleamed like a shining star amid an empty space. The house of Atticus Finch was that shining star. Jean Louise Finch, also known as Scout, is given the opportunity of being raised in this house by her father, Atticus. I stole this essay from the net. As she grows, Atticus passes down his determine of equality and righteousness to Scout and her brother Jeremy Atticus Finch, also known as Jem. In To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, we know Scout learns many lessons about dealing with prejudice by observing the behavior of other characters in the story. Scout learns that by yielding to prejudice, we often cause to be perceived and cause strife unto others. For example, Scout is harassed and becomes the target of insults when her father decide s to curb Tom Robinson, a black man accused of raping a white woman. This is a plajurized essay. The hate felt towards black pile by the majority of the Maycomb citizens causes them to bother and harass those who attempt to befriend the black people. Forgive me for stealing this essay. Scout realizes that the notwithstanding reason she must undergo this torment is that her father is defending a black man, which has become taboo because of the corruption that racism has caused in many people. In addition, Scout watches Tom Robinson undergo unfair treatment and false accusations. Please dont tell my parents I stole this essay. Although Atticus provides the jury and the people of Maycomb with overwhelming evince benefiting Tom, and ultimately proving him innocent, this is not enough to overcome the powers of hate and racism. Scout watches as the jury deliberates and convicts Tom Robinson of murder because he is a black man. This is a stolen essay. Although Scout witnesses a myriad of injustices occurring against black people, she also sees an exiguity of kind and compassionate movements towards black people. Scout learns that by resisting prejudice, we often help others. For example, Scout sees Atticus defend Tom Robinson, despite the white people of the towns disapproval. By defending Tom, Atticus paves a small pathway in Maycomb for black people to follow to attempt to raise their social status.

Government Restrictions on Encryption within the United States and Around the World :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Government Restrictions on Encryption within the United States and Around the military man IntroductionIn todays society with the increased put on of computers, net, and wireless chats, the need for safety and security has risen dramatically. The internet has become the number one communication medium and is more accessible than ever. Through the internet, vast amount of information is being transmitted amidst computers. At times, some of the information transmitted laughingstock be intercepted illegally, such as personal information and clannish messages. The percentage of information that is illegally intercepted has been dramatically reduced due to the use of encoding packet technology, which was once used by the United States military and government. This technology has given businesses and private users the sense of security in transmitting information through the internet as well as to maintain national security. The use of encoding has been a topic of discussion for the past 20 years. The U.S government has attempted several(prenominal) times to regulate encryption because they felt that it was a matter of national security that they should bring in control of the technology and protect us from vulnerability if packet is shared or sold to other countries. The effort of encryption regulation by the U.S. was unsuccessful and today there are least restrictions on the use and export of encryption technology. The introduction of encryption regulation in the United States has made a global impact. Other countries, such as China, Russia, and others around the world, have implemented encryption regulations to due to the influence of the U.S. but have restrictions that are far more stringent and harsh. The strong regulations by these countries are creating conflict among private users and foreign companies that export encryption software to these countries. This argument and debate continues between the government, businesses, and encryption companie s. The question is should the government have the right to monitor and regulate encryption and what ethical questions does it raise? Background and History of Encryption What is encryption? Encryption is a technological technique that protects and secures the transfer of plain text information between two sources through the use of the internet. This is done by rearranging the text using a mathematical algorithm that renovates the message into an indecipherable form, which can only be unlocked and translated with a use of a key. The strength of the encryption key is measured by its length, which is determined by the number of bits and by the type of encryption program.

The Brains of Violent Males Essay -- Compare Contrast Suicide Homicide

The Brains of Violent Males It becomes increasingly evident that some of the destruction which curses the priming is self-destruction the extraordinary propensity of the human being to join hands with external forces in an attack upon his own existence is one of the most rare of biological phenomena. -Karl Menninger (1). Violence is everywhere in our society- in movies, television programs, video games, and professional sports such as boxing and wrestling. In 2000, 28,663 deaths were related to firearms. 58% were describe as suicides and 39% were reported as homicides (2). The objective of this paper is to qualitatively evaluate and compare the points of male murderers and male suicide victims. Even though more(prenominal) females attempt suicide, males are used for comparison be spring males are four times more likely to die from a suicide attempt (3). Male self-destructive individuals have a higher success rate because they are more likely to kill themselves in a viole nt manner (i.e. using a gun). At first glance, most people would argue that homicide and suicide are opposite behaviors, yet the relationship may not be that straightforward. If it is assumed that the card dictates behavior and that suicide and homicide are independent behaviors, one would expect that researchers would find differences between the brains of suicide victims and murderers. At the other extreme, suicide and homicide can be considered confusable behaviors because in both cases an individual engages in killing someone, the only thing that differs is where the killing impulse is directed. Homicide is directed towards the external world, whereas suicide is aggression turned inward. When the cause of unhappiness can be attributed to an external s... ...robiology of suicide.http//www.afsp.org/research/articles/Mann/mann1.htm8) Decision-making processes following damage to the prefrontal cortex, Article from Brain (2002).http//brain.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/125/ 3/624.pdf 9) Whats different around a Killers Brain? Whitley Striebers web pagehttp//www.unknowncountry.com/news/?id=2085 10) Why? The neuroscience of suicide Physical clues to suicide , Scientific American article.http//www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=000D8D31-6937-1E1B-8B3B809EC588EEDF11) Paxil & murder/ suicide. A tommyrot about how the maker of Paxil held liable in murder/suicide.http//www.baumhedlundlaw.com/media/ssri/Paxil_murder.htm12) The mind of a killer. ABC news web page which contains pictures of normal brain and a murderers brain http//abcnews.go.com/sections/wnt/DailyNews/killer_brain021023.html

Catabolic Relationships Essay example -- Literary Analysis, Bill Boast

As seen in many stories throughout history, love and relationships have perpetu altogethery been complicated. The themes of tragic sacrifices in the relationships of Marc Antony and Cleopatra, King Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson, and Layla and Majnun are continued in modern literature. Sacrifice is a theme that has, and forever will be prevalent in literature because it is an admirable deed, yet requires a perfect balance. careful analysis of the relationships in the post-modern short stories Coda by Will Boast, How We Handle Pain by Evan James Roskos, and Okeechobee by Claudia Zuluaga, produces a rich understanding of the public truth that relationships require not just sacrifice, but harmonious immolation.When introduced in Will Boasts short story, Coda, Tim and Kates relationship has already failed. The catch dated for years and got engaged, but eventually called off the engagement. As the story progresses, Tim reflects on both the merit of the relationship and the cause of its failure. After breaking into Kates flat, Tim searches for and finds his old engagement ring. He gazes at the gold symbol of unending love, and then sees a picture of him and Kate beside it. I was looking straight into the camera, but Kate was false to me with a shy smile on her face. My favorite picture of her. You could see she was in love (Boast 4). Even after six months of separation, Tim thirsts for his lost love. Though he recognizes the chaotic, uncooperative environment, in which the relationship was nourished. Kate is a lawyer and Tim is a musician, leading them to live, disjointed lives, but for a long time that didnt matter. Kate would leave the apartment at seven every morning, eager to make an impression at her new practice. At noo... ...ely needed to accept her actions and participate in sacrifice by giving back.Indeed, love is often described as sacrifice, but a more fitting definition is unmistakably, a balance of sacrifice. In these short stories, the harsh failu re of a relationship, due to the lack of sacrifice, the common unhappiness, as a result of too much (or undesired) sacrifice, and the common unworthy attitude and refusal to sacrifice, are all exemplified. In a relationship, the idea is that two become one -thus, requiring some surrender- but the two must not forget their former identities. Truly, for a prospering relationship, sacrificial equilibrium must be found for at equilibrium, the reactants and the product are able to coexist. Each person must give up separate of their former self for the relationship to properly function, but ones own identity must not be completely forgone.

Lagos, Nigeria :: essays research papers

Lagos is the largest city in Nigeria. In 1989 the population was1,274,000. It is still growing immensely as we speak. It is the former working capital ofNigeria. It is located on the Gulf of Guinea. It occupies four islands(Lagos,Ikoyi, Victoria, and Ido). Lagos is Nigerias largest city. It is the administrativeand economic center of Lagos and also its main port. Main Industries includerailroad repair, motor vehicle assembly, nutriment processing, and the manufactureof metal products, textiles, beverages, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, soap, andfurniture. The city is a road and railroad center and has an internationalairport. In Lagos, education is usually private. there are both embarkmentSchools and Home schooling and both cost a lot of money. Public Schoolsare not that common in Lagos like they are here. The main etymon oftransportation in Lagos is Buses and tracks." Tracks are a simple version ofstreet cars. In Lagos, power failures, water-supply interruptions and trafficjam s is very common due to the huge population. defilement is a very seriousproblem because of the surrounding lagoons have been used as dumps for thepast few years and the increase in factories and cars. There are many nationalinstitutions located in Lagos, among them are the National Museum, theNational Library, the University of Nigeria, and the University of Lagos. BriefHistory The Portuguese, was the first to visit Lagos in 1472. It was later ceremonious as a slave-trading center. The area was under the rule of theKingdom of Benin from the late-16th to the mid-19th century then in 1861. Itwas later taken over by the British.

Soren Chemical

Q1. What is the addressable grocery size for Coracle? Is the first year goal of $1. 5M vernacular r thus farue level-headed? Ans. Coracle is peerless of the clarifiers developed and produced by Soren Chemicals targeting residential pools which have scummyer size than commercial pools and water parks, that are served by other clarifiers the likes of the Kailan MW produced by Soren Chemicals. Very small quantities of Kailan MW are sufficient to treat large volumes of water but it is unsuitable for smaller-scale applications such as residential pools due to the fear of misuse and safety risks.The targeted residential pools of Coracle have a lower volume of water, a lower volume of swimmers, and a less intense maintenance program. It is estimated that there are 9 billion residential pools in the United States. According to what illustrate in the last paragraph of the case in page 7, the frequency of work of residential pools and residential pool chemicals leave be largely increas ed from May.Also as introduced by the Table A in the page 5, the average months of pool usage are 5 months, which makes great sense because normally people will swim in summer time from May to September, and less people will swim in cold whether from October to April. Currently, Coracle has three leading competitors for residential pool-use clarifiers Keystone Chemical, Kymera, and Jacson Laboratories, and each of the competitors has a 15% to 20% share of the residential pool clarifier market.So, the remained reasonable and addressable market share for Coracle is 40% to 55% maximally if we do not use up the competition and market share of other smaller competitors. Considering the facts like distributors typically carried tens of the thousands of products from many suppliers, including the regional formulators that sold Kailan MW, at least(prenominal) two of the formulators sold Kailan MW with a thin version as a private stigmatize clarifier, and the competition from leading com petitors and small competitors, we suggest that 15% should be market share of residential pools market for which Coracle haves to struggle and address.Therefore the addressable market size for Coracle should be $7,846,373 based on the 15% of market share. Based on the above analysis, although it seems that the first year goal of $1. 5 jillion sales is quite reasonable if we steady down the addressable market size $7,846,373 by 5 (it means Soren Chemical generates their sales revenue mainly in 5 months from May to September for Coracle), which is around $1. 57 million and higher than the target, but it is not the case, and it is not reasonable if the marketing aggroup study it carefully.The $1. 5 million sales goal is too aggressive for the first year for Coracle. Q2. Why is Soren Chemical struggling to sell Coracle? a. What are the implications of the channel structure for pool chemicals? b. How would you quarter the selling process for Kailan MW vs Coracle? Ans. Soren Chemical launched Coracle lone(prenominal) in September 2006, which is the last busy and most suitable month for swimming. The sales team for Coracle did not consider following effects, which will impact the sales revenue extremely for the first year 1.Consumers, wholesale distributors, pool service professionals, pool specialty retailers, the great unwashed retailers need to take time to know the new Coracle brand and the value they can get from Coracle if they buy it. 2. The stocks in the consumers sides, pool service professionals sides, pool specialty retailers sides, and mass retailers sides will also impact the sales of Coracle, especially in the last busy maintenance month of a year.Especially till the end of September, if the consumers decide not to use the pool until next May, they may not maintain the pools because in the beginning of next May, they need to clean again for the pools for swimming afterwards a long time of non-use. 3. Soren Chemical did not position the good prod uct Coracle in the most appropriate position to its customers. Consumer market of residential pools forceful more on aesthetics and perceived cleanliness.This is a risk for Soren Chemical to bring Coracle to the market without a suitable emphasis focusing on what the consumers restore more. 4. As indicated in the case, 30% of the respondents recalled receiving the Coracle materials that Soren Chemical had sent in response to their inquiries. Furthermore, 70% of the respondents stated that their distributors had not offered Coracle. All these suggest that Coracles sales team did not do sufficient work before they bring the Coracle clarifier to the market and this also weakened their sales revenue. . There is unclear gap between Kailan MW and Coracle even though Kailan MW targets at the segment of commercial pool and water parks, while Coracle targets at the segment of residential pools. There are still at least two formulators who dilute Kailan MW with a private label and sell to d istributors for consumer market and this will compete with Coracle clarifier. Q3. How would you rate Coracle set strategy? Any opportunity? Ans. The pricing strategy is OK the retail price for Soren per container of 0. Gallons has been settled as $25. This is based on a manufacturer price of $14. 88, which Soren has ascertained for a 35% gross margin. Opportunity exists in terms of margins for the distributers and retailors. The model must be slightly more flexible if they decide to sell the diluted product. Q4. What action plan do you recommend for Coracle? Ans. In my understanding the pool cleaning professionals are not well or properly aware about the product.So most of the actions must be concentrated around the marketing of the product 1. Increase the marketing budget to the level where we can advertise to all channels not only DIY. 2. Clear message to the users who are not technically sound, and make then aware about the facts the product are offering. A clear distinguishin g must be established which clearly demonstrate a compression between the inferior products which just make the water look clear. 3. Clear margins for the distributers who may sell the diluted product.

How does radiation damage DNA Essay

Mobile visits harm luggage compartment cells and damage DNARadio waves from mobile phones harm body cells and damage DNA in laboratory conditions, The research project, which took four years and which was coordinated by the German research group Verum, studied the effect of radiation on gentle and brute cells in a laboratory. After being exposed to electromagnetic fields that are typical for mobile phones, the cells showed a signifi bay windowt increase in item-by-item and double-strand DNA breaks. The damage could not always be repaired by the cell. DNA carries the genetic material of an organism and its different cells. This means the change had procreated. Mutated cells are seen as a possible cause of cancer. The radiation used in the study was at levels between a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of between 0.3 and 2 watts per kilogram. Most phones emit radio receiver signals at SAR levels of between 0.5 and 1 W/kg. SAR is a measure of the rate of radio energy absorption in bod y tissue, and the SAR limit recommended by the International Commission of Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection is 2 W/kg. The study also measured other harmful effects on cells.Because of the lab set-up, the researchers said the study did not prove any health risks. But they added that the genotoxic and phenotypic effects clearly require further studies on animals and human volunteers. Adlkofer advised against the use of a mobile phone when an alternative fixed line phone was available, and recommended the use of a headset connected to a cellphone whenever possible. preceding(prenominal) independent studies into the health effects of mobile phone radiation have found it may have some effect on the human body, such as heating up body tissue and causing headaches and nausea, but no study that could be independently repeated has proved that radiation had unchanging harmful effects. In a separate announcement in Hong Kong, where consumers tend to spend more time talking on a mobile ph one than in Europe, a German company called G-Hanz introduced a new type of mobile phone which it claimed had no harmful radiation, as a result of shorter bursts of the radio signal.How does radiation damage DNA?Radiation can damage anyones DNA. Radiation is really just high-powered particles or energy. When something like that smashes into your DNA , it is emphatically going to do some damage. Luckily, our cells are very good at repairing the damage so it takes a lot of radiation to do permanent harm. disgraced DNA matters because your DNA has the instructions for making and running you. If these instructions get damaged, it can sometimes affect how well you run. Like any good instructions, the ones in DNA are written up with letters. The high energy of radiation can mess up the instructions by changing a letter. It can also tear the DNA removing one, some, or even millions of these letters. This would be like ripping out anything from part of a page to a whole chapter of your in the flesh(predicate) instruction manual.

Overnutrition and Undernutrition

Over regimen and undernutrition Bew ar of dieting crazes Sunday Telegraph 13. 02. 05 Question 1 What is meant by the term frenzy diet? Fad diets ar eating programs that are genuinely unbalanced, ill and do non provide enough nutrition for the consistence. The people that follow fad diets lead eventually incur malnourished under nutrition. Fad diets are created usually for heaviness losing purposes Question 2 point 3 fad diets and outline the features of distributively. -Cabbage Soup victuals The cabbage soup diet is about overpowering a low kilogram calorie cabbage soup over seven days.It is considered as fad diet be perk up it is designed for short-term burden- firing that requires no considerable-term sensual activities. The diet shoots a soup in which the ingredients are close toly vegetarian. It is claimed to lose about 4. 5 kg in a week but run aground on diet experts, most of the weight loss are water. -Three Day Diet The one-third day diet is now one of the most frequent short-term diets. The diet contains a guide for three days with low flump, salt and calorie meals for breakfast, lunch and dinner. It is precise unhealthy as its lack of carbohydrates and protein.Therefore it is not recommended to be used any more than than three days. -Grapefruit Diet The grapefruit diet, besides known as the Hollywood Diet is a short-term fad diet that has existed in the United States since 1930s. It involves eating half a grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice with each meal and significantly reduce the calorie intake, often under 800 calories per day. Like all others fad diets, it is not recommended for regular use. Question 3 Celebrities get under ones skin access to additional re comes, to maintenance them in achieving weight loss, that are not generally available to add up person. What are they? approximately celebrities are very rich. They can have access to many different resources that alleviate them achieving weight loss. A com mon example is personal trainer. The trainers are dietary and weight loss professional that knows many efficient ways and helpful tips that go forth help training, exercising and having a diet more effective than normal. Another source that leave aid them is expensive exercising machinery. With these machines, the exercises pull up stakes become more complicated and therefore, burnt more calories. Question 4 Explain wherefore fad diets particularly the low carbohydrate diets, are damaging for children.Fad diets usually contain low or even non-carbohydrate diets which are very bad and can even cause fatal disease if it is used over a long period of date. As a child engender up, carbohydrate is the most essential and important mineral needed for the organic structure to fully function. Consuming a fad diet for a long time not only will not give the body enough energy for activities but also can slow down the growing plow and might cause the child to become abnormal compare to other child in twain height and strength. Question 5 Explain why carbohydrates are so important in our diet.Carbohydrates are very important. They run as the main source of fuel to the body. Without them, all the organs in our body whitethorn not function properly. For example, our nervous scheme cannot sustain unless is given an energy source to work, and that is of word form carbohydrates. Also, our muscles and other important organs such(prenominal) as eye need carbohydrates to keep working. If there are not enough carbohydrates then it may cause to us tiredness and will affect our chance(a) life. Question 6 What long term effects could a low carbohydrate diet have on peoples health?A low carbohydrate diet could cause close to serious illness to our body over a period of time. Some of those illnesses are deadly such as heart disease or a higher risk of cancer. Lack of carbohydrate will also cause your organs to malfunction. Examples are trim back eye sight or lung diseases . Question 7 Identify 2 sustenance allergies from which Australian normally suffer. One of the most publicised provender allergies is bigotry to peanuts, which affects about one in 200 Australian children. Peanut intolerance can become so severe that it triggers anaphylaxis, a severe allergic chemical respondion that can be fatal.Lactose intolerance is a common viands sensitivity that occurs in people who react to lactose found in milk and dairy farm farm products. Some food addictives, MSG flavour enhancer and strawberries can also cause allergies. Question 8 Investigate and evaluate one fad diet, examining the features and workable significations to health. You need to a/ Identify one fad diet. b/ Outline the features of this diet i. e. which foods are include and which foods are prohibited. c/ Discuss possible tax write-off to health. Fad diet Three Day Diet * The Three Day Diet is one of the most common fad diets around the world.It claims to reduce your weight up to 4. 5 kg after 3 days. The diet contains a plan of meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) for over 3 days with low calorie and fat foods. * Features * Inclusion of many different meals (mainly low energy snacks) like boiled eggs or crackers. * Most meals include a vegetable and fruit serve * Coffee is included a lot. * Non-sugar appetiser is also in the diet. * Milk must be rum after breakfast and dinner. * Prohibited food * net is not allowed along side with oil or fat. * Carbohydrates since it have a lot of energy. * Possible implication The consequence of this low carbohydrate diet is obvious. It may reduce your weight you will eventually end up gaining as the weight loss is largely water. Using this diet will make you become tired imputable to not enough energy is provided caused be the lacking of carbohydrates. Repeating this diet will severely damage your nervous, muscular and respiratory system of your body since they need the energy from carbohydrate. Diseases will therefore be come created and sometimes can be fatal. Factors That regularize pabulum Selection School mobile canteens forced to repair nutrition content of snacks on offer Sunday Telegraph 13. 2. 05 Question 1 List some popular foods sold in school canteens during the 1980s and 1990s. Some popular foods sold in school canteens during the 1980s and 1990s are potato chips, fizzing drinks, meat pies and lollies. Question 2 What advisory body was established to assist school canteens in implementing healthier food choices? The New South Wales School mobile canteen Association was established to assist school canteen in implementing healthier food choices. Question 3 Identify and explain the strategy that was implemented by the State Government in May 2004.The effectual School Canteen Strategy, launched in May 2004 has prohibited schools in NSW selling high-fat, high-sugar foods more than twice each term. A menu guide was established, which divides foods into three deform groupings aimed at e ncouraging canteens to serve more wholesome foods and less of the takeaway style meals. Question 4 Outline the menu guide that was established to aid the school canteens in categorising various foods. The menu that was established has three categories green, amber and red. Each colour represents a different group of food base of their nutritional values and healthiness. squirt foods in the green category should be offered abundantly, including items like bread, pasta, fruit, lean meat, chicken, fish and dairy products. -amber foods in the amber group includes pizza, low-fat muffins, pies and ice blocks that should be chosen carefully and served in smaller quantities. -Red the foods in this group are considered unhealthy, filled with sugary and butterball products. They include deep-fried food, soft drinks, lollies and cream buns. Food from this group is allowed to be served twice a term at special events, such as that tolerate day of school.Question 5 Outline the main reasons for underdeveloped this strategy. Provide statistical evidence. The main reason behind the development of this strategy is because of the obesity of many children over the entire Australia. More than 25 percent of children in Australia are overweight or obese, which is one of the highest rates of childhood obesity in the development world. This is due to the fast-food-eating habits that have been developed along side with the exploitation of many large fast food restaurants. Question 6 Design a new canteen menu for our school based on the to a higher place strategy.You need to * Include green, amber and red foods in the correct proportions * Include a variety of pertly and semi-processed * Include drinks, meals and snack. Canteen Menu The foods will be classified into category of healthiness green, amber and red. Example Food name type of food (fresh, hot food, snacks or drinks) Colour classification. Menu * aggregate pie (available with chicken, beef and vegetable) Hot food a mber * Sausage roll (medium or large) Hot food Amber * Instant noodles Hot food Amber * murphy chips Hot food Red Bread roll and vegetable soup Hot food Green * Pasta Fresh Green * Spaghetti Hot food Amber * Hot dog Hot food Green * Fruit (apple, orange, banana, mandarins) Fresh Green * angle and rice Hot food Green * potato chips snacks Snacks Amber * Burgers (available with chicken and beef) Hot food Amber * Juices (available with orange, apple and grape) Drink Green * Chocolate parallel bars (Mars, Boost and Snickers) Snacks Amber * Lasagna Hot food Amber * Water Drink Green Breakfast only * Hash browns Hot food Amber * Egg and bacon Hot food AmberOvernutrition and UndernutritionOvernutrition and undernutrition heed of diet crazes Sunday Telegraph 13. 02. 05 Question 1 What is meant by the term fad diet? Fad diets are eating programs that are genuinely unbalanced, unhealthy and do not provide enough nutrition for the body. The people that fol low fad diets will eventually become malnourished under nutrition. Fad diets are created usually for weight losing purposes Question 2 Identify 3 fad diets and outline the features of each. -Cabbage Soup Diet The cabbage soup diet is about consuming a low calorie cabbage soup over seven days.It is considered as fad diet because it is designed for short-term weight-loss that requires no long-term physical activities. The diet contains a soup in which the ingredients are mostly vegetarian. It is claimed to lose about 4. 5 kg in a week but base on diet experts, most of the weight loss are water. -Three Day Diet The three day diet is now one of the most popular short-term diets. The diet contains a guide for three days with low fat, salt and calorie meals for breakfast, lunch and dinner. It is very unhealthy as its lack of carbohydrates and protein.Therefore it is not recommended to be used anymore than three days. -Grapefruit Diet The grapefruit diet, also known as the Hollywood Diet i s a short-term fad diet that has existed in the United States since 1930s. It involves eating half a grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice with each meal and significantly reduce the calorie intake, often under 800 calories per day. Like all others fad diets, it is not recommended for regular use. Question 3 Celebrities have access to additional resources, to aid them in achieving weight loss, that are not generally available to average person. What are they?Most celebrities are very rich. They can have access to many different resources that help them achieving weight loss. A common example is personal trainer. The trainers are dietary and weight loss professional that knows many efficient ways and helpful tips that will help training, exercising and having a diet more effective than normal. Another source that will aid them is expensive exercising machinery. With these machines, the exercises will become more complicated and therefore, burnt more calories. Question 4 Explain why fad diets particularly the low carbohydrate diets, are damaging for children.Fad diets usually contain low or even non-carbohydrate diets which are very bad and can even cause fatal disease if it is used over a long period of time. As a child grow up, carbohydrate is the most essential and important mineral needed for the body to fully function. Consuming a fad diet for a long time not only will not give the body enough energy for activities but also can slow down the growing process and might cause the child to become abnormal compare to other child in both height and strength. Question 5 Explain why carbohydrates are so important in our diet.Carbohydrates are very important. They serve as the main source of fuel to the body. Without them, all the organs in our body may not function properly. For example, our nervous system cannot sustain unless is given an energy source to work, and that is of course carbohydrates. Also, our muscles and other important organs such as eye need car bohydrates to keep working. If there are not enough carbohydrates then it may cause to us tiredness and will affect our daily life. Question 6 What long term effects could a low carbohydrate diet have on peoples health?A low carbohydrate diet could cause some serious illness to our body over a period of time. Some of those illnesses are deadly such as heart disease or a higher risk of cancer. Lack of carbohydrate will also cause your organs to malfunction. Examples are reduced eye sight or lung diseases. Question 7 Identify 2 food allergies from which Australian commonly suffer. One of the most publicised food allergies is intolerance to peanuts, which affects about one in 200 Australian children. Peanut intolerance can become so severe that it triggers anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction that can be fatal.Lactose intolerance is a common food sensitivity that occurs in people who react to lactose found in milk and dairy products. Some food addictives, MSG flavour enhancer and st rawberries can also cause allergies. Question 8 Investigate and evaluate one fad diet, examining the features and possible implications to health. You need to a/ Identify one fad diet. b/ Outline the features of this diet i. e. which foods are included and which foods are prohibited. c/ Discuss possible implication to health. Fad diet Three Day Diet * The Three Day Diet is one of the most common fad diets around the world.It claims to reduce your weight up to 4. 5 kg after 3 days. The diet contains a plan of meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) for over 3 days with low calorie and fat foods. * Features * Inclusion of many different meals (mainly low energy snacks) like boiled eggs or crackers. * Most meals include a vegetable and fruit serve * Coffee is included a lot. * Non-sugar appetiser is also in the diet. * Milk must be drunk after breakfast and dinner. * Prohibited food * Sugar is not allowed along side with oil or fat. * Carbohydrates since it have a lot of energy. * Possible implication The consequence of this low carbohydrate diet is obvious. It may reduce your weight you will eventually end up gaining as the weight loss is mostly water. Using this diet will make you become tired due to not enough energy is provided caused be the lacking of carbohydrates. Repeating this diet will severely damage your nervous, muscular and respiratory system of your body since they need the energy from carbohydrate. Diseases will therefore become created and sometimes can be fatal. Factors That Influence Food Selection School canteens forced to improve nutrition content of snacks on offer Sunday Telegraph 13. 2. 05 Question 1 List some popular foods sold in school canteens during the 1980s and 1990s. Some popular foods sold in school canteens during the 1980s and 1990s are potato chips, fizzy drinks, meat pies and lollies. Question 2 What advisory body was established to assist school canteens in implementing healthier food choices? The New South Wales School Canteen A ssociation was established to assist school canteen in implementing healthier food choices. Question 3 Identify and explain the strategy that was implemented by the State Government in May 2004.The Healthy School Canteen Strategy, launched in May 2004 has prohibited schools in NSW selling high-fat, high-sugar foods more than twice each term. A menu guide was established, which divides foods into three colour groupings aimed at encouraging canteens to serve more wholesome foods and less of the takeaway style meals. Question 4 Outline the menu guide that was established to aid the school canteens in categorising various foods. The menu that was established has three categories green, amber and red. Each colour represents a different group of food base of their nutritional values and healthiness. Green foods in the green category should be offered abundantly, including items like bread, pasta, fruit, lean meat, chicken, fish and dairy products. -Amber foods in the amber group includes pizza, low-fat muffins, pies and ice blocks that should be chosen carefully and served in smaller quantities. -Red the foods in this group are considered unhealthy, filled with sugary and fatty products. They include deep-fried food, soft drinks, lollies and cream buns. Food from this group is allowed to be served twice a term at special events, such as that last day of school.Question 5 Outline the main reasons for developing this strategy. Provide statistical evidence. The main reason behind the development of this strategy is because of the obesity of many children over the entire Australia. More than 25 percent of children in Australia are overweight or obese, which is one of the highest rates of childhood obesity in the development world. This is due to the fast-food-eating habits that have been developed along side with the growth of many large fast food restaurants. Question 6 Design a new canteen menu for our school based on the above strategy.You need to * Include green, am ber and red foods in the correct proportions * Include a variety of fresh and semi-processed * Include drinks, meals and snack. Canteen Menu The foods will be classified into category of healthiness green, amber and red. Example Food name type of food (fresh, hot food, snacks or drinks) Colour classification. Menu * Meat pie (available with chicken, beef and vegetable) Hot food Amber * Sausage roll (medium or large) Hot food Amber * Instant noodles Hot food Amber * Potato chips Hot food Red Bread roll and vegetable soup Hot food Green * Pasta Fresh Green * Spaghetti Hot food Amber * Hot dog Hot food Green * Fruit (apple, orange, banana, mandarins) Fresh Green * Fish and rice Hot food Green * Potato chips snacks Snacks Amber * Burgers (available with chicken and beef) Hot food Amber * Juices (available with orange, apple and grape) Drink Green * Chocolate bars (Mars, Boost and Snickers) Snacks Amber * Lasagna Hot food Amber * Water Drink Green Breakf ast only * Hash browns Hot food Amber * Egg and bacon Hot food Amber

Language Change Essay

The history of position spoken language has understandn many sorts due to social and cultural influences with an array of reactions from its users. English has changed due to the ever emerging technologies and the need use them as efficiently as possible. The views and values of its users have a huge impact on the forethought language takes in the way it changes and develops. Although there are many sight who accept and embrace the changes in language, there are just as many people whom believe otherwise.Peoples views of one a nonher and social cultural values change over time and this affects the con nonations attached to words and ideas. The users of a language are the sole cause to why words change or lose meaning to become obsolete because their current perceptions will be reflected in the language. A number of words have come to carry braceual connotations due to the idea becoming a taboo topic of conversation, and then people utilise other words along with body languag e to imply these ideas. Words such as hussy and slut, which originally meant lady of the house and untidy, have come to mean promiscuous women and loose women.This reflects the change in perception of womens sexuality and social roles, and how women are being profligate to be seen as sex objects. As words can gain meaning, they can also lose meaning. An example of this is the word fuck, which originally had the connotations relating to sex and sexual activity, it is now used freely as a means to express many different emotions and no longer thought of as a sexual word although the connotations still exist. Words change to suit the needs of its users of the current time, sometimes the original meaning is carried until today while others change drastically.It is argued that texting has destroyed the language with all its shorthand and the language is going down-hill because young people are not using language correctly, however many polyglot believe otherwise. The use of abbreviated language has been used ever since the language began to be written down and it is not just used by the young people but people of all ages. History shows that Anglo-saxon scribes used abbreviations such as & for and and 3 for three, which have now even become standard, this proves that texting is not what initiated written language to be used this way. The growth of abbreviated language paired with the need for fasterwritten communication has caused the language to be used with less grammar and therefore the language is not used correctly. However, Charlie Higsons (author) says that the only function language needs to perform is to be understood and therefore correct use of grammar is not necessary in spontaneous contexts. These people, often referred to as grammar Nazis, are bothering with language in quite the wrong way as expressed by Stephen Fry.The English language has always changed and will continue to change as long as its users social cultural views and values change, and as the contexts in which the language can be used expand. People will have an opinion on the changes in language, irrespective of time. Whether they like it or not language change is inevitable, therefore its users should see this in a positive light and help change the language so it can become more expressive and diverse.

Reality Television

authorizedity goggle box has strong influence and damaging effects on our fiat. But lets face it, we fecundate on the drama. We love to absorb a nonher life other than our own. A unyielding with it comes the misconception of naive real numberism which distorts how one commits they substantiate to be gravel to gain fame or attention. Reality idiot box is bad for culture because it only when elevates money, beauty, and fame above other qualities by promoting inappropriate appearance such as bullying, casual sex, alcohol abuse and bad language. The media plays a major role in selling this trash in order to increase revenue.Reality tv has a strong impact on our society because it distorts our view of reality. It pollutes our minds with Knowledge, attitudes, values, and behavior that are influenced by exposure to reality television and deemed acceptable by society. Our culture serves up degradation as a human body of entertainment. Such shows incorporate inappropriate behavior such as bullying, scheming, and manipulating in order to get ahead or get the guy/girl. This is extremely wounding to children and teens because at this age they are fillking out their personal identities and starting to develop relationships with family, friends, and the opposite sex.They indentify with the media for whats cool and look up to these public figures for how they should act, dress, blether etc. One example how these shows are negative would be MTVs Parental control, where the rears are unhappy with their childs current choice of whom in which theyre dating. So, they get to choose who they assume would be a better choice for their child. While doing so, their current signifi fecest watches as they bf/gf go on a dates with their parents choices. This usu eachy results in disrespect and bad mouthing to the parents from the current bf/gf.Some of the stuff is appalling that is said and sexually suggested to a teen audience. Not only do these shows encourage inappropria teness it creates drama because drama creates attention that we all crave at times. Other shows spotlight this lavish lifestyle and commit the common person believe that they do can live this life if they model these infamous characters behavior and they in kindred manner can receive stardom for random careless acts. It mainly bases stardom on physical appearance and how far you go awaying go for the prize whether it be 100,000 or the rich husband.It organises us all superficial, materialistic and really unrealistic. do in love in 8 hebdomads, give me a break. But its entertaining and does suck us in. The contestants on these shows contribute to the ideology of agonistical elements and stereotyping over working. What kid would deficiency to go to school if he could party all day and have a rich bf gf and receive fame for it as well. I think we all seek a nonher unrealistic lifestyle and these reality shows are giving our youth the message that if they act according they w hitethorn too receive fame.Although, such shows demonstrate negative values ans are corrupting our youth and perception on things, the media is making money and doesnt see these shows as negative only a positive as stage to their bank account. The media has definitely altered the baseline of civility because money rules all things. The cost for these shows and their meaning are nonhing but cheap. According to a recent article by Laurie Hibberd, she suggests cost has much to do with it. Reality shows cost an clean of 400,00 to find and gain up to 2 million for a dramatic series (Hibberd2002. Its the less expensive option and ratings sky high , why wouldnt they keep these drama on the air. They whitethorn lack moral and values but big companies are not twainered by this only bothered by financial gain. Also big companies and organizations back these productions up with service or merchandise. Their only motive is to market their products and services, not to improve quality of p rograms. For instance, a clothing label may give out merchandise hoping this may promote their brand. If the reality stars are wearing it, the kids will want to wear it as well.They dont care what else the show may promote as long as its promoting their brand and resulting in an increase in sales. Reality television I believe has such a negative impact on society because it makes us believe that we can see ourselves on tv. That if we fit the visibility that we too may receive stardom. But on the same not it makes us believe that our lives arent normal and maybe even boring which may even cause more drama in our life. Also, the medias interest in making money is a contributing detailor to wht such behavior these shows represent are coming into the norm.Reality TelevisionIn the year 1992 a new idea was disclosed to the States and it was called reality television. MTV produced a show called, The Real World that had seven strangers living in a house together and had e verything they did filmed. After many failed attempts at trying to make this reality trend ravish on, CBS launched subsister, which pioneered the way for all reality shows to follow in the next ten. It was a show about mint battling it out in ii separate tribes to their marbles end in the jungle and it spread like wildfire across the States. subsister premiere debuted to 28 million viewers and is still on today, a decade and 21 seasons later (McCraley). Reality television did not have the power to tip and kick the bucket an epizootic until producers began to use clever marketing strategies to bring Survivor to the mass of America. It has been almost twenty years since MTV offset printing attempted to air The Real World with hopes of creating a new type of television America would love. archetypical broadcasted in 1992 it is now the longest running show in MTVs history and is currently on its twenty-fifth season.It is credited with being the first reality television show aired but it was not the first to grasp America and change the way we watch television. Reality televisions first big tipping point came the night Survivor premiered in May of 2000 on CBS and producers were beyond ecstatic when receiving the numbers the next day of viewers that tuned in (Metz par. 1). An epidemic had begun and it was here to stay. The American Survivor was derived from the Swedish version of the same show but only the first season of Americas Survivor had the same format.Throughout the seasons the producers have added new twists, turns, and contests. The United States version of Survivor is produced by Mark Burnett and hosted by Jeff Probst (Metz par. 1). This one single show caught the eyes of millions of Americans and since past all of our basic channels have been flooded with what we call reality television. The format and concepts have changed drastically but there still seems to be a necessitate for reality television so producers will continue to come up with new ideas until America no longer seems to show interest.Reality television has become a constant target for controversy and complaints but seems to be one of those things we either love to hate or hate to love. Reality television that use to just be fun competition has turned into pregnant teenagers, partying Guidos, rich kids in Los Angeles or eight roommates all sleeping with each other in one house. Each one of these presents obvious controversy for the public eye but the producers do this for a reason. If there is nothing to talk about then no one will talk. The more buzz a producer can build about their show the more people will want to watch (King par. 2).Reality television producers seem to have a certain niche for stirring up as much debate and controversy as they can. As ridiculous as reality television shows have recently become with at least 6 different ones all involving competition of bake the perfect cake, Americans are what propel this industry. We continually watch them and keep their ratings up so they are beginning to take over other shows such as sitcoms and dramas. Some reality television shows are even getting signed for more seasons than non-reality shows are receiving. Survivor and The Real World being prime examples, both having over twenty seasons of airtime (Metz par. ).It is not a question of whether or not reality television is or is not an epidemic, it is a question of how did Survivor know to turn this industry around and make everyone fall in love with it. The gist of Survivor goes a little something like this the show starts with sixteen average Americans who are brought to a remote island to fend for themselves. The island is usually a very unforgiving place with no modern conveniences. The sixteen individuals are divided into two teams. Every few days, one of the teams gathers at a tribal council and votes soul off the island.You can gain immunity by winning the challenges, which are very fun and interesting to watch. Once a total of six people remain the tribes merge. After this, it is every person for him or herself. The last Survivor at the end wins one million dollars (Charkow). It is all about who will make just the right alliances and just the right enemies in order to take plateful the money. Over the past years connecting with people on common interests has become an historic aspect of living. Reality TV allows us to do just that we can watch a show Monday night and then have something to talk about the next day at work or school.We can have a common interest with someone without really having to like the same things. Curiosity also plays a role in our obsession with this trend, viewers will imagine themselves in these certain situations and think how they would react but the difference is the viewers get to watch from afar and not have any consequences for what they talent choose (Hotchkiss par. 2). Reality television has completely changed the entertainment industry in that it creates a fun way to foll ow these participants and since they are real people with real conflicts their lives matter to us.This seems to be one reason surrounding why reality television has become so captivating for America and just why it is undeniably here to stay for the long haul. So what scarcely did Survivor have that managed to captivate America and keep us here? Unpredictability with relatability (Crum). Each workweek there were these normal human beings performing risky tasks unknowing if they were going to be sent home the following week. Americans began to watch, found their favorite contestants, and had to stay to make sure they made it until the end. Survivor producers also knew when creating this show the factor of relatability would play a major role.By taking normal human beings that are not trained actors, viewers begin to realize they may personally know one of the contestants or at least know them through the six degrees of separation. so far if they do not somehow know a contestant th ere is always one that they can relate to and connect with. When a viewer has a personal connection in a show it makes them want to invest more and they are willing to dedicate an hour of their time each week to tune in and see how their favorites are doing (Yazbek). Producers and casting directors thrived off of this concept of relatability.Each and every contestant is different in some way that producers believe will reach a vast majority of viewers in America. If there is a contestant representing each main demographic there is at least one person for almost everyone to connect with and want to root for. Once the viewers lock in their favorites they religiously watch Survivor in order to check up and make sure their contestant is still in and surviving. This is what helped Survivor manage to tip the reality trend (McCraley). The casting directors and producers knew exactly what to look for in the contestants they choose and they chose perfectly.America originally tuned in for Sur vivors first premiere because they did not know what to expect from these ordinary people getting their own television show and Survivors marketing team created a hype that was able to draw in over 28 million viewers for the first time (Metz par. 1). Dr. Kathleen King, who is a motivational keynote speaker, believes that Survivor uses their contestants as characters as a marketing strategy. If situations cant be resolved in a timely manner, people grow frustrated and bored with them. Our brain starts telling us, through our emotions, that it is time to move on.For a show to be successful, it has to introduce a parade of situations, just like real life would. So, how does a show keep us engaged in between situations? What keeps us tuned in? The characters . Characters are what we connect to. Characters engage us at a completely different level than situations. Situations are an intellectual challenge. Characters create ablaze bonds. We care what happens to them (King). This caring, this connection, provides the emotional overtones that keep the situations of Survivor consistently interesting.Americans instantly fell in love with this nail-biting reality show as soon as it made its debut. From the commencement ceremony producers created characters that they knew America would fall in love with, each for different reasons. Although Survivor is not scripted certain teams are paired together and certain scenes may be edited in hopes of causing a stir with viewers. Producers create good and bad controversy to evoke emotions from their viewers. Once you are able to put at the heartstrings of your viewers and have them emotionally involved with your characters you can create a true bond (Morrison par. ). Survivor made viewers fall in love with certain characters so when they were backstabbed or voted off they felt emotions for them. They would continue to watch so they knew exactly how their season would end and who took the winning spot of someone they wished woul d have won or stuck with their favorites until they would win (Hotchkiss par. 2). This level of emotional connection created a stickiness factor that helped Survivor stay with its viewers. One more reason Survivor has lasted so long and continually intrigued viewers is they way it is shot.A reality shows segment producers or story editors usually assemble storyboards and shooting scripts, which are important tools for shaping the direction of the show. In the TV sitcom and drama world, these people would be known as writers. Unlike writers, the Writers Guild of America does generally not recognize them and so they are not union employees. This distinction could be seen as a disservice to the segment producers and story editors, but it benefits the show in that it lowers production costs and it helps preserve the idea that the shows are real and unscripted.It also allows reality shows to keep on rolling when a writer strike hits, like it did in fall 2007. Many reality show staffers h ave contested the distinction in ongoing court cases since 2005 (Poniewozik par. 2). Reality shows typically do not have scripts, but there is often a shooting script or an outline that details aspects of an episode or part of the show. For example, it can set up a specific challenge for the contestants on Survivor. A shooting script could also create conflict between some of the participants by union specific people as roommates or partners.Producers create shooting scripts with viewers in mind thinking about what they might like to see and what would make them stay tuned. In extreme cases, a shooting script might include a storyboard, which is a visual representation of the concept that physically illustrates what will occur in a scene (Metz par. 2). Ultimately, reality producers and editors have a lot of control over what happens on the show, just by the sheer fact that they have put the people together in certain situations, and they are controlling what footage gets aired and what does not.If Survivor were just a 24/7 television camera on contestants living in the jungle viewers would get bored. Producers pick and choose the best material and content to air because obviously America does not want to watch strangers sleeping or eating their food, they want to see conflict, emotion, and turmoil. If it were not for Survivor we would never know if some other show would have had the power to tip the reality television trend.Thanks to Survivor, its stickiness factor, and its relatability we will never have to worry about that. Survivor paved the way for the majority of Americas favorite television shows we watch today and opened doors for a new format of television programming. There is no way to tell how long reality television is here to stay but at the rate it is going, it seems like it will be putting up a fight until America stops watching. After all, reality television would not have already lasted this long if it wasnt a survivor.

Differences Between My Best Friend and I

It is hard to believe that my best friend Kelly and I apply a lots of differences. Even though, we love each other we are completely distinct In our personalities, work experience and how we take care of our family. We both go big personalities. Kelly and I have been friends since I was 5 old age old. We went to the same school and covered in the same class until we went to high school. For example, Kelly is very friendly and she has a great humor. She is very outgoing and love to talk with different the great unwashed , even people she just Met .On the other hand, I am very shy and serious kind of person. I do not like to talk with other people. For these reason is hard for me to make new Friend . To illustrate that ,when we are invited to our neighbor birthday political party , so we went to celebrate with his family and friends. The party was full of strangers and Kelly began to talk with those strangers. All I did was seat in the table alone and wait for someone to talk to me. Kelly came and start to introduce me to her new friends . I feel so proud of her , because if wasnt for her , I never have the courage to introduce myself to them.Another example, is that Kelly and I have different kinds of works . She works as secretary and I work as house cleaner . She had this great job in Boston as secretary . It is near her house, she has a great salary and a month of vacation paid every year . Her job is so easy and she just have to answer the phone ,book appointments and be in the office the whole day. However, I work as house cleaner , it is very hard work by cleaning other people dirty houses. One of the problems is that I spend a lot of money on gas, cleaning products and vacuum repairs.My salary is not stable it depends in how galore(postnominal) houses I clean every week. Paid vacation forget about it . Finally is our Family, that is the best and important gift that anyone can have . Kelly and I have a wonderful family, we both have kids and we h ave been married for 5 years. Kelly has two boys and one little girl, their names are Robert 10 years old, Nicholas 8 years old and Amanda 4 years old . I have three kids too ,instead, I have two girls keren 9 years old, Sarah 4 years old and a boy he is 12 years old. We both love Our family very much and we appreciate staying together with our family .Even though, Kelly prefer to stay home and be creative with her kids by doing crafts activities . I prefer to go outside and play with them . Last winter we went to Cocokeys Park and our kids got to play together and they had a terrific time . When the park was closing we decided to sleep at the hotel inside the park, again that was the best part for Kelly stay inside. Besides our differences , we both have a wonderful family and we always share with each other ways to raise and educate our kids. After all our differences we still best friends

Career Exploration Paper Essay

For my career exploration publisher I choice the quest job Marriage and Family Therapists. That said, Most of my career information that is use in my paper will be from O* choke notice Online (National Center for O* sack Development, 2014). The codes that I recived from taking the O*NET interest profiler was that my social was 23, artistic was 15, enterprising was 8, and conventional was 3.P deal, who are social, like interests in operative with others to sustain them learn and vex (Holland, 2014). That I liked ploughing with people, instead of on the job(p) with machines, information or objects. Having taken both tests, I believe that the O*NET interest profiler was my outdo profiler.When it came to taking Hollands theory test, I got different results It sated that my highest score was in Systematic, which inwardness that I prefer jobs that that routine and challenging. It too stated that I need jobs that are secure I dont like changes in my routine and situations that ma y require me to make quick decisions. I also scored high in the arts, which means that I have a great an appreciation for all the Arts. The last high score I recived was in the Health Service, which mean I enjoy helping others.The Nature of the Work for this career, including such things asThe duties that are involved in this position are 1) They ask questions about the clients so that they can help their clients recognize their behavior and feelings. 2) They help clients with their concerns in their married couple ons, such as helping them work through an unaccept competent relationships, beingness separated or divorce, raising their children, improving how they manage their home, and help them find a government agency to bat their financial difficulties. 3) They encourage family member and individualists members tin helping them in evolution useful skills and plans overcome their problems in a beneficial manner. 4) They are responsible formaintaining their case files that include their evaluation, fortify notes and recommendations. 5) They are responsible for developing and implementing clients treatment plans which address their family relationship difficulties, damaging patterns of behaviors, and extra personal issues. 6) Gather information about each client, which uses techniques which includes testing interviewing, observations, and discussions. 7) Discuss with their clients to help them develop a plans for their post treatment and activities.8) They may have to consult with other counselors, doctors and other professionals to help their clients get the best care possible. 9) Help determining whether their clients should be referred to another professional in such areas as efficacious aid and psychiatry. 10) Monitor the results of their counseling programs and how well their clients adjusted, so that they can to determine how effective the programs are (O*NET Development, 2014). The skills that are required for this position are 1) Being an ac tive listener , 2) social perceptiveness, 3) Being able to judge, and make decisions,4) Must be service oriented, 5) Must have good specking skills, 6) Be able to solve complexed problems , 7) Use critical thinking , 8) Reading comprehensive, 9) Good writing skills, and 10) Being able to monitor the operation of other and yourself. The activities for this position are 1) Establishing and maintaining interpersonal relationships. 2) Assisting and caring for others.3) Documenting/recording Information, 4) Making decisions and solving problems. 5) Gathering information.6) Organizing, planning, and prioritizing work. 7) solving fights and negotiating with others. 8) Communicating with supervisors, peers, or subordinates. 9) Thinking creatively. 10) Coaching and developing others. Typical work day 1) This job requires that you work indoors in an environmentally controlled atmosphere, sitting for prolonged periods of time. It also includes using the phones in talking with clients, pote ntial clients and insurance companies on a regular basis. 2) You also have to have face to face edge clients and other employees. 3) You will also be working in groups or teams, to work out conflict situations. 3) This job requires that you are able to make frequent decisions that may affect other people, financial resources, or other /or the image and reputation of the organization.Working Conditions According to the Florida Health Career the work environments for marriage and family healers unremarkably workin agencies, clinics, hospitals, private practice, and schools. Their hours have to be flexible so that they can adapt working people who are required to work evenings and families that are in crisis. All of their work is indoors in well environmental conditions. As far as supervision, it would vary do to the fact that the work in a various places of employment. Because of the demands of this job that has deadlines, crisis situations and multiple tasks, this job can be very stressful and demanding. dressing and Qualifications The training and education that are required will vary by each state for marriage and family therapist. This job usually requires y a masters degree is required in gear up to obtain your licensure. Most of the experience comes from the internships and the intensives at the colleges. The personal traits for a marriage and family therapist is to have good desire to help people in a respectful manner, are confident, and trustworthy which are an grand characteristic of marriage and family therapists. Another important characteristic of marriage and family therapists is to be able to work with individual and have a team work skills.Opportunities and Future Outlook Employment for marriage and family therapists is projected to grow 29 percent from 2012 to 2022, which is much faster than the average compared to other occupations. The reason for this growth is that to a greater extent people will have their mental health counseling ser vices that will now be cover by their insurance policies. Because of such growth and demand we will see more marriage and family therapist see a large geographic distribution in large and small firms, which will give way to job security and advancement opportunities.Economic and Non-Economic Benefits As of Jan 8, 2014, for an entry-level education with a Masters degree in marriage and family was $40,080. Also for marriage and family therapist the median annual was $46,670 in whitethorn 2012. As far as benefits goes, most for marriage and family therapist work fulltime so they would get the following benefits such as insurance, vacation time off, sick leave, and paid education. The personal satisfaction benefits are 1) more psychologists have flexible work schedules.2) Psychologists have the potential to earn very high salaries.3) Psychologists can induce and operate their take in businesses .The associated lifestyle of marriage and family therapist are that you can afford a bigg er home, expensive car, go on long vacations, pay for your childs education and give more money to charities.The psychological rewards are that psychologists get to meet and help a wide variety of people.Disadvantages and or Special SituationsThe disadvantages of being a marriage and family therapist are that you have to work irregular hors to accommodate clients. This may require you to work late and sometimes weekends. Some work maybe seasonal or require you to travel as cave in of their job indispensablenesss.Some of the hazards of being a marriage and family therapist are 1) dealing with insurance and billing issues can be a hassle.2) Setting up your own practice can be challenging. 3) Dealing with clients on a daily basis can be emotionally draining. 4) You will need to devote time to finding new clients.Conclusion What I didnt make out about my career choice was that you may have to travel and that some jobs are seasonal. The characteristic and requirement are not a problem with me. I was used to working in stressful environments as a surgical tech. I also was used to working late and weekends and holiday as part of my job requirements.My job was also very demanding. I have always been a caring individual, and I like helping people so I feel that I will enjoy being a therapist. I also believe that my interest and values will be fulfilled with this job. I believe that there is a great advantage using O*NET in my afterlife career. Because this job requires that you are able to make frequent decisions that may affect other people, financial resources, the couple might be looking for higher paying jobs as one of their options and O*NET would be a useful tool in helping people finds higher paying jobs.ReferencesO*NET Interest Profiler ww.onetonline.org/link/summary/21-1013.00 Retrieved 4/1/2014 Free Holland test www.free-career-test.com/ Retrieved 5/5/2014 http//www.flahec.org/hlthcareers/MARRIAGE.HTM Retrieved 5/5/2014 www.bls.gov/ooh/community-and-socia l-service/mental-health-counselors-and-marriage-and-family-therap Retrieved 5/5/2014 .

Archival Research Paper – Philippine Typhoons

Degree of Loss and goal A Look into the Imp tour of Typhoons that Hit the Philippines from 2008 2011 December 2012 Table of Con gots Title CHAPTER 1 conception This chapter contains both the schooling regarding the Background of the cartoon, Statement of the Problem, Signifi washbasince of the Study, and the cathode-ray oscilloscope and Limitations of the mull. Background of the Study A typhoon is a hurri squeeze awaye occurring especially in the region of the Philippines or the China Sea.It could destroy lots of beas wherein hum some(prenominal) Filipinos suffer- populate starve, becomes homeless, and dope mutilate their loved unmatcheds. Philippines is often vi officed by a lot of typhoons is beca routine of the mere fact that it is the first big opera hatow next to the peaceful Ocean. Trade winds gather burn up the equator and combines with several equatorial winds. These winds be some terms unified by warm bodies of ocean body of pee which makes them rea ler and much(prenominal)(prenominal) indestructible. Recently, a typhoon named Pablo visited the Philippines. A typhoon is a hurricane that when occurs in a certain atomic number 18a, urban or rustic, can make a disaster.Pablo make a devastating pretend on the Philippines. It made a precise big effect in the Mindanao particularly on Compostella Valley, Cateel, and pertly Bataan. The river transformed into a body of pissing full of bungle. The regularise was full of broken tree parts, twist debris and bodies of doomed pot. Also, come to the foreside the Philippines, a hurricane named Sandy visited saucily York urban center this division. Hurricane Sandy left virgin York with homeless families, ruined places and oversupplyed streets. receivable to these tragic events, our conference has fixed to conduct this study. Filipinos were emotional because of those calamities happened from the past.They tangle so down seeing their properties and atomic number 18as def amed by these typhoons and felt so hopeless knowing that eitherthing seems to be deva maintaind or gone and they could no longer live the go done like before these incidents happened. Although a lot of things are going th bowelless their minds, they still pull in to face the fact that life must go on. Despite all of these calamities happening, theyre still very fortunate to take over a lot of tribe from all al nigh the country giving serve and donations to them. Also with the aid of the g everywherenment organization and an other(a)(prenominal) countries, they save survived and started again to live on their own.Statement of the Problem 1. To what extent or impact did the typhoons bring to the Philippines from the yr 2008 up to 2012 in terms of a. Loss of lives (death tolls) b. Damage to properties, infrastructures, and the places abnormal (amount) c. final stage of genius Significance of the Study The company has conducted this research to endure benefits in these certain sectors GOVERNMENT AGENCIES/INSTITUTIONS This research will aid in future researches as sound as in making plans, designs and projects to help victims of squeezes and to be well nimble if the Philippines will experience future be charters.ACADEME This research will help schools in making their students better fain for storms in teaching them and informing them the impact made by storms based on the selective information hive away. It can in like manner help the schools when they will make try to help the victims of storms. The school will know what should be their proper fulfill to help the victims. COMMUNITY This research will let the community be conscious(predicate) on the effects storms confuse in the Philippines. The community will know what the proper cover of action will be to be safe from the storms.PSYCHOLOGISTS/SOCIAL WORKERS This research will give knowledge to them of what to hold off from the victims of the storm. So that they will be able to he lp justly and deal with the victims who just came from these tragic events. Scope and Limitations The study was conducted here in Davao City. The researchers used the Archival technique to look for different source documents from chronicle, the internet, and other reference materials link up to further fight down the study.It focuses on the different impacts of the typhoons that return laid low(p) the Philippines starting from the grade 2008 to 2012 especially its effects to the flock, the properties and surroundings, and the whole nation itself. It seeks to only answer the questions given from the Statement of the Problem and non from others which are not directly link to the study. The Archival research system was decided by the researchers to be used in this study at that placefore no other methods shall be used. The resources were overly conservatively chosen which suited the theme of the investigation.CHAPTER 2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK This chapter let ins the Objec tives of the Study, Hypotheses, and Conceptual Framework. The Conceptual Framework pre moves the concepts that are dictated at heart a logical and sequential design which clarifies concepts and propose relationships among notions in the study. Objectives of the Study This study is think to streng then(prenominal) peoples awareness close to the destruction brought by the typhoons going in and out the country from 2008 to 2012 and how the victims of these timely calamities recover from such impact made by storms.From these researches, people will cook knowledge active how severe the persecutes a typhoon can bring to an alter area and its people. It would murder the victims weeks or even longer to recover not just financially besides in every aspect that defines their creation such as how to handle the emotional distress from the sudden tragedies they experience. Hence, they will acquire the help of those who are fortunate enough to be spared from such catastrophes. Hypothe ses Alternative HypothesisFrom 2008 to 2011, Philippines has been highly devastated by a lot of typhoons that made big impacts on the properties and lives of Filipinos and places unnatural, as well as to the nature. Null supposal A lot of typhoons have visited Philippines from 2008-2011, just there were little impact happened on the properties and lives of Filipinos and places moved(p), as well as to the nature. Conceptual Framework Dependent Variables Death Toll Properties/Infrastructures destroyed Destruction in nature In bloodsucking Variables all told typhoons and related calamities that have tot the Philippines starting from 2008 up to 2011 Degree of Damagenot that Destructive and Costly (high casualties and malign (among the four)) Destructive and Costly (higher casualties and upon (among the four)) Very Destructive and Costly (highest casualties and damage (among the four)) Way/source of recovery from calamities Government Fundings for losses/damages incurred Assistan ce from other countries and transnational throngs Donations from all over the country Psycho- brotherly effects The diagram presented The diagram presented above includes the independent variables which are the different typhoons and related calamities that have struck the country in a span of four years.This then leads to the dependent variables being measured which includes death tolls, infrastructures/properties destroyed, and the destruction they have brought to nature. With these, we can now identify the level of damage incurred to the country, as seen on the next box. And finally, the termination box contains ways on how the affected citizens have recovered by and byward these tragic events happened, based on the level of damage. CHAPTER 3 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter presents the literature and related studies which have direct bearing on this study. It also discusses the deadly storms in the Philippines as well as its impacts.Our study will be helpful to ou r society by means of increasing their knowledge about typhoons and their impacts to their livelihood. Typhoon harmonise to Webster (2007), a typhoon is a violent tropical cyclone originating in the western Pacific. Typhoons feature heavy peltings and winds that championspeedsequal to or greater than 74 miles (119 kilo criterions) per hour. Similar storms that occur in other parts of the reality are called tropical cyclones or hurricanes. The word typhoon comes from the Chinese term tai-fung, meaning great wind. A typhoon is also a natural disaster.The heavy rains and fast(a) winds of a typhoon can cause great loss of life and one thousand one thousand thousands of dollars in property damage. As a typhoon approaches lands, its winds produce a rush of seawater called a storm surge that can devastate margeal areas. Philippine Topography, Weather and Climate Philippinesis located in selenium Asia and goes by many names such as The Pearlof the Orient Seas. It is composed of 7107 islands. These islands are dislocated all throughout the countrys geographicallocationwhich is why you can never really tell the ingest shape of thePhilippineseven in a map.It is surrounded by warm bodies of ocean water thats why it is always visited by typhoons. But mostly, in the eastmosternmost part of the Philippines is always visited because it is facing in the Pacific Ocean. The Philippines is anxious year-round but sea breezes can add freshness during the winter (no(prenominal)ember to February). The typhoon duration farthermosts from much or less July to October, although in recent years it seems to have been starting and finishing later in 2010 for example there was severe delugeing in North Luzon as late as November. Rainfall patterns vary crossways the country. In manila, Palawan and Coron, for example, most rain occurs in the yphoon season. Other areas (including much of the Bicol region) have no distinct dry season, with the most rain from December to Februa ry. The Visayas have only a short dry season from November to January, bandage in Leyte and Bohol, rainfall levels dont change much throughout the year. Travelers should therefore check the local climate before making plans. close to tourists visit from January to May (and particularly the first half of that period) when most of the country is undergoing its pass onper climatic conditions. Surfers, on the other hand, are attracted to the islands during the typhoon season as it brings the biggest waves. Columbus, 2012) Philippine storm Warning Signals (PSWS) The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) releases tropical cyclone monitions in the form of human race beset Warning Signals (PSWS). An area having a storm head may be under (DOST, 2007) * PSWS 1 tropic cyclone winds of 30-60 km/h are expected within the next 36 hours. Unless this warning signal is upgraded during the entire existence of the tropical cyclone, only very l ight or no damage at all may be sustained by the exposed communities. Rice crop, however, may suffer earthshaking damage when it is in its flowering stage. PSWS 2 Tropical cyclone winds of 60-100 km/h are expected within the next 24 hours. In general, the winds may bring light to hold back damage to the exposed communities. * PSWS 3 Tropical cyclone winds of 100-185 km/h are expected within the next 18 hours. In general, moderate to heavy damage may be experienced, particularly in the agricultural and industrial sectors. * PSWS 4 Tropical cyclone winds of greater than 185 km/h are expected within 12 hours. In the overall, damage to affected communities can be very heavy. Philippine EcosystemPhilippines ecosystems provide the essentials of life to one thousand thousands of people from seafood and game animals, to fodder, fuel wood, timber, and pharmaceuticals products. They go a major role in economies and are an important social safety net for the country poor. The Philippin es has among the highest rates of discovery in the world with sixteen new species of mammals discovered in the last ten years. Because of this, environmentalists believe that the rate of endemism for the Philippines is likely to rise. However, conservationists fear that, without immediate intervention, the Philippines hotspot is on the brink of an quenching crisis.In fact, the world-wide Union for the Conservation of Nature and natural Resources (IUCN) has identified the Philippines as one of the most jeopardise of the worlds biodiversity hotspots. Widespread destruction and conversion of natural habitats, overexploitation, and pollution have led to fast biodiversity loss, said a World Bank report. (Tacio, 2009) Recent Philippine Typhoons In 2009, the Phillippines was visited by a typhoon named Ondoy. Ondoy was considered a weak typhoon but it brought record rainfall and flooding in September. A state of calamity was say in tubing Manilaas well as 25 provinces.MarikinaandRiza lprovince were the hardest hit areas. According toPAGASA, Ondoy dumped 455 millimeters of rain inQuezon Cityalone within 24 hours. As per the guinea pig accident organise Councils last report, Ondoy left 337 people dead, 308 injured, and 37 scatty. Estimated price of damages amount to intimately Php 10. 5 billion in infrastructure and cultivation. (Typhoon Watch 2009) In 2010, Typhoon Basyangat80 mphis the most negative typhoon in the Philippines. It affected the provinces ofQuezonandBataanand also hit the islands of Calaguas andBalesin. It incurred8. jillion USDin damages and claimed the lives of 37 casualties, most of whom are fishermen. Manila and Northern Luzon were not spared as well. Major power lines were knocked down leaving 40 million citizens in the dark. This damage to power has caused fury among citizens over PAGASAs failure to predict the storms path. (WikiPilipinas. org, 2010) In 2011, Sendong entered the Philippines leaving cities devastated. (Sendong Intern ational Code/Name Washi). If were keeping tab of the most vitriolic typhoon of the year, then 2011 saved the best for last. On 15 December 2011 (1100 a. m. , PAGASA issued its first severe weather bulletin for Sendong, announcing that this Tropical Depression east of Mindanao has entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), with estimated maximum winds of 55 kph near the center. By 500 p. m. , popular Storm Warning Signal No. 1 was raise in 11 provinces in Visayas and Mindanao, raised to Signal No. 2 by 1100 p. m. While Sendong did not exceed Signal No. 2, the heavy rains it brought caused massive flooding, loss of life and property, in various places Mindanao including Cagayan de Oro and Iligan. At 1030 p. m. of 18 December 2011, PAGASA announced that Sendong has left the PAR.As of28 December 2011, the National fortuity Risk lessening and focussing Council (NDRRMC) readjusted the death tollcaused by storm Sendong from 1,453 to1,249after basing it on existing body coun ts. This figure does not include those who are missing or injured, or the number of houses and establishments destroyed by Sendong. (Typhoon Watch, 2011) Global Issues All the spare parts appear to be coming together to create what forecasters are calling red hotenstorm, a monster combination of high wind, heavy rain, extreme tides and maybe snow that could cause havoc on the East Coast just before Halloween next week.Hurricane Sandy, having change of mindn through Haiti and Cuba on Thursday, continues to barrel north. A wintry storm is chugging across from the West. And frigid air is streaming south from Canada. And if they meet Tuesday sunup around New York or New Jersey, as forecasters predict, they could create a big wet mess that settles over the nations most heavily populated corridor and areaes as distant inland as Ohio. With experts expecting at least(prenominal) $1 billion in damage, the people who will have to clean it up arent waiting. Utilities are lining up out- of-state work crews and canceling employees long time off to deal with the power outages.From county disaster chiefs to the federal government, emergency officials are warning the public to be prepared. (Borentsein, 2012) Still fresh in the memories of Americans, especially those from New Orleans, Hurricane Katrina was the costliest hurricane in US register as well as one of the 5 most deadliest ever recorded. Knocking out levies in Louisiana Katrina caused over 80% of New Orleans to flood before moving into the northeastern coupled States dumping rain all across the area. By far the largest natural disaster to ever hit the US Hurricane Katrina is $80 billion (2008 USD) in damages and killed 1,836 people with 705 still missing.One thing that stands out about the Katrina disaster is the utter failure of FEMA or any other government agency to provide patronage and rescue services to the areas. Lawlessness was rampant with police shooting innocent civilians and going introduction to door confiscating guns from American citizens in dry areas just trying to defend their homes. The remnants of Hurricane Katrina are still evident in New Orleans even as efforts to rebuild the metropolis are still under way. (Ranker, 2012) tardily in the night on October 10, violent storms swept in from the Bay of Bengal and lashed the strandal districts of south east Bangladesh.At least 31 people were killed in Noakhali, Bhola and Chitagong, while a further 1,500 fishermen along with 200 seek boats in the Meghna River, rest missing. The storms damaged hundreds of thatched houses, cut off villages and left many without electricity. Displaced people in the affected districts are residing on road sides, raised ground, schools and colleges, and are in need of tribute, basic food and non-food items. Livelihoods dependent on agriculture and livestock are at risk out-of-pocket to losses from the wind damage and tidal surge that accompanied the storm.The IFRC has allocated 266,000 Swiss francs (284,903 US dollars) from its Disaster relief Emergency Fund to support more than 25,000 people over the next four months. The main focus will be on providing affected families with a package of food and non-food relief items including emergency shelter materials, water jerry cans and dry food. (Ahmed, 2012) idle storms in southern China have killed at least 18 people and injured more than 150, state media report. Gale-force winds, heavy rains and hailstones beat-up Guangdong province at the weekend, forcing hundreds of people to evacuate their homes.The authorities say those who died where struck by falling objects or collapsing walls. The extreme weather has caused millions of dollars of damage to buildings as well as farmland, officials said. The storms, boxing winds of up to 164 km/h swept through the provincial capital, Guangzhou, and the nearby cities of Foshan, Dongguan and Zhaoqing. The storms have affected more than 3,200 people, and at least 45 houses have b een destroyed, a spokesman from the provinces flood control headquarters was cited by Xinhua as saying. The civil affairs ministry station the cost of the damage at 96m yuan ($14. m). About 2,500 acres (1,000 hectares) of crops were damaged, state media report. (BBC News, 2011) CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH METHOD This chapter describes the research method used by the researchers in studying the slickness presented. Archival question Type Archival research is a method in which the sources of selective information are various types of documentations. It includes any project in which existing documents or data are the units of observation. These may include music, novels, movies, diaries, and other reports, as well as raw, aggregate, or statistical data dispassionate by others.Traditional archives include library records, courthouse records, and business records. Archives are usually printed or hand written, they are calledpaper archives. With the approaching of computers and the Internet, many archives now exist only in electronic form they are calledelectronic archives. Most archives are valuable so pains are taken to keep them safe. Natural disasters and wars can destroy archives and cause the loss of p strainless information. Archival data are collected for a variety of reasons. The Archival research type is the best method to be used because the study focuses on the past.And the best possible way to look at the past is searching through the archives. This history refers to archives and other source documents that were recorded, listed, written, or printed from time to time. Through these resources, the group can now carefully collect and select data from the past which would help them to carry on further with their study. CHAPTER 5 info GATHERING AND PROCEDURES This chapter includes the methods on how and where the data were poised, what are the instruments used for the collection of information and the different steps that the researchers have carefully follo wed for the success of this study.Research Locale The researchers conducted the study at the Ateneo de Davao University, E. Jacinto Street, Davao city. This school was established at the year 1948 and founded by the Philippine province of the Society of Jesus, the Ateneo de Davao aims to develop students through academic excellence, spiritual growth and social involvement. man-made lake Documents were collected from the different resources available from the web and more importantly at University subroutine library which is one of the best libraries in the country with a wide array of resources, always accessible to all students and within the neighbourhood of the school campus.Research Instruments Since the archival technique was used for the study, archives and documents from different sources were gathered to support the study. These references include written or published documents like book and newspaper articles, theses, and statistics to name a few photographs news reports television systems and information from the internet. The researchers made sure that the instruments gathered are helpful and directly related to the study. Also, all of the resources were carefully chosen from the years 2008 until 2011, for a span of four years.Data Collection Procedure The data gathering procedure covered a period of one week, beginning on the 8th to the 16th of December 2012. The group properly observed the following steps while conducting the study 1. The group used archival research method and chose to conduct a research topic with the agreement of all its members. 2. The group went to the school library to look for available collections of books, records, documents, and/or other print or nonprint materials as a source of data that can help them gather information for their research. . In gathering the information, the group asked for assistance of the librarian to locate the resources needed. 4. The group carefully examined the references they have gathered and made sure that it is related to their study. The examination lasted for several days. 5. The group examined their gathered data, and then developed them for better purposes in the research. Records on the topic were identified, categorized, and converted into data that are then analyzed with quantitative or qualitative methods. 6. The group made their research paper.They became cautious of understanding and translation the data collected. After that, they organized them and made different ways of presenting their finding. 7. Since this is a descriptive method of research, specifically the archival type, the researchers finally made conclusions out of the information gathered to answer the problem stated. For the data presentation, the types of materials the group used toreport the findings from their research were photographs, videos, newspaper and online articles, statistics, books, and the internet.All these steps helped the group in conducting their study. CHAPTER 6 PRESENTA TION OF selective information This chapter presents all of the data found and gathered by researchers for the study. The data are presented through display boards, photographs, and notes from books, online and newspaper articles which were collected for the research. A. 10 Most Destructive Typhoons in 2008 (Philippines) (Sources NDRRMC, DPWH, and Wikipedia) Typhoon name Casualties Damage Cosme 51 $100,000,000 Frank 1371 $380,000,000 Helen 24 $232,800,000 Igme 23 $441,000,000 Julian 204 $200,000,000Marce 12 $100,000,000 Nina 67 $ three hundred,000,000 Ofel 6 $240,400,000 Pablo not Stated $6,500,000 Quinta-Siony 30 Not Stated Total(as per data gathered) 1788 deaths $ 44 700 000 billion(est. Php 18 327 700 000 billion) Photographs (from Google Images and WordPress) Uprooted trees by Bagyong Igme A woman crying for the loss of her In Metro Manila. conserve during Typhoon Ofel. A lot of homes were destroyed Search and Rescue operation during the onslaught of Bagyong Nina during Tyhpoon Helen.These people became homeless collectible Houses were greatly affected by the to the destruction caused by Cosme. flood brought by Ofel. Newspaper/Online Articles (for Typhoons Frank, Ofel, and Nina) nearly two years after typhoon Frank ravaged westbound Visayas, the national government finally released P600 million as part of the P4-billion investment trust intended to rehabilitate damaged areas and infrastructure. The P4 billion is part of the P12-billion supplemental fund approved in December 2009 for rehabilitation of areas damaged by typhoons Pepeng and Ondoy in Luzonin 2009 and Frank for Western Visayas in 2008. Typhoon Frank, which struck on June 21, 2008, triggered the worst flooding in Western Visayas and left at least 531 persons dead in the region including 226 who remain missing and presumed dead. At least 2,555 others were injured. TheDepartmentofPublicwhole kit and boodleand Highways (DPWH) earlier said that 11 bridges in Antique and 16 bridges in Iloilo were destroyed or damaged by flood waters that submerged many areas in Panay. * plagiarize from inquirer Visayas. Govt releases P600M for typhoon Frank rehabilitation by Burgos, Nestor, Jr. May 20, 2010) At least 598people have been killed by the typhoon as it dropped torrential rain that caused flooding and mudslides in the Philippines, which means that it could be one of the top ten deadliest tropical cyclones in the Philippines. InIloiloprovince, 59 are account killed and 40 missing. InIloilo City, 30,000people were forced onto rooftops when a nearby reservoir burst. In theBicol Region, more than 200,000 people sought temporary shelter from the typhoon. Meanwhile, as the storm passed throughMetro Manilaand its nearby provinces, it caused widespreadpower outageswhich lasted for hours.Typhoon Fengshen could be one of the deadliest typhoons to hit the Philippines, killing over 1,300people here, mostly from the sinking of the Princess of the angiotensin-converting enzymesferry duri ng the storm. The Philippine National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC) on June 23, 2008, reported that 98people died, 115 were missing, 66 were hurt, 99,687 families were affected, 155,564 houses were damaged, 53,706 were totally wrecked, and 109,837 were partially destroyed, in 10 regions, payable to typhoon Frank as of Monday noon (excluding the MV Princess of the Stars incident). ThePhilippine National Red addressplaced the death toll at 229.Frank destroyed P 500million crops amid its P 1. 7billion damage to property in Iloilo. The US responded by donating P 4million and sentUSNS Stockham and US Navy P-3 maritime surveillance aircraft ship, for rescue. AFPreported 224 dead and 374 missing (598) as of Monday. ThePhilippinesNational Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC) reported that Frank damaged a total of P 3. 2billion deserving of agricultural and fish products and more than 300 schools nationwide (P 212million). Additional damages to infrastructure were pegged at P 750mi llion, and fishing boats at P110million, or a total of P 4. 27billion pesos.According to the up-to-the-minute NDCC Situation Report on Typhoon Frank (Fengshen), 557 were dead (excluding the deaths in the MV Princess of the Stars), 87 were missing and 826 wounded. Frank affected 4,784,634 persons in 6,377 barangays in 419 municipalities in 58 provinces all over the Philippines. Damages in agriculture amounted to almost PHP 7. 542 billion while infrastructural losses made it to around PHP 5. 983 billion, which, all in all, totaled to approximately more than PHP 13. 525 billion. The most affected areas wereIloilo,Capiz,AklanandAntiqueinPanay Islandas well asLeyteand east Samarin Region V trio. * taken from Wikipedia. rg. Typhoon Fengshen 2008 Not just rain, but quarrying in a mountain site contributed to the landslide thatkilled a man who went to fetch water at a spring in barangay Jaclupan, Talisay city on Thursday during typhoon Ofel. Talisay City Entineer Audie Bacasmas, who sen t staff to inspect the site, said they found thatcontinuous line of soil in sitio Tabok Sapa was a factor in the mishap. He left a wife and ternary children, who are seeking assistance after losing the the familys breadwinner. His daughter-in-law Michelle Arat said continuous rains in the past days may have softened the soil near the well and triggered the landslide. * Excerpt from Inquirer. net Rain, quarrying can buoy landslides byGabriel C. Bonjoc. (October 27, 2012) Eight people were dead and 15 others went missing as typhoon Nina (international codename Hagupit) left the Philippines Tuesday, the governments disaster arrange agency reported. The National Disaster Coordinating Councils (NDCC) late Tuesday report said the eight fatalities died in landslides, of drowning and electrocution. A total of 14 miners remained trapped at a mine site in Itogon townspeople in Benguet province.One more missing person identified as Nilia Alejo, 58, of Barangay Bugnay, Valderama, Antique w as also reported missing. The miners were last reported 700 feet below ground. The governor said the rescuers have not seen signs of life. Mud washed down by typhoon-induced rain had blocked the entrance of the tunnel, preventing rescuers from constituteing the miners, authorities said. Rescuers pumped water out of the tunnel so the mud can be cleared out. The typhoon left the Philippines area of responsibility Tuesday and was forecast to move to Hongkong on Wednesday morning. * interpreted from abs-cbnNEWS. om Typhoon Nina leaves 8 dead, 15 missing (September 24, 2008) Online Blog An option from My Experience on Typhoon Frank by Bevs from WordPress. (posted June 23, 2008) June 21, 2008 is a memorable day not only for me but for my fellow Ilonggos. I went out of the office 600 AM and was shocked to see the flood just outside the building. Me and my officemates were stranded. We only had two choices, to cross the flood and go the other way or to wait for a jeepney to pass us by. We were stranded. I already felt that the rain wont stop anymore and the wind is getting stronger.We waited for 15 minutes, when a jeepney passed us. When I arrived home, the wind got stronger. Since my dog stayed outside our house, I was so worried when I saw him wet and shaking and without food. I brought him inside my room and let him stay there (until now). But because I was so tired and sleepy (from work) I managed to sleep. Its just 3 hours when I laid on my eff when I heard the strong wind clashing outside with rain pouring, so strong that I couldnt sleep at all. So I went out side. To my surprise I saw the water getting higher. I felt so frighten that it would get higher and higher.So I started picking up all the things to the higher grounds of our house to safety. I could hear the clashing of the waves few meters away from the house. close to all of our neighbors houses were filled with water mostly knee-level. Luckily, ours had not. I guess its because our house is loca ted on the higher part. The typhoon slowed down by 2pm. Right then the flood begun to get low. But well still scared of what will happen on the few hours. But then luckily, everythings been ok. Although theres no electricity still, what is important is that we are safe, have enough water to drink and food, and shelter.My concern is to those who are on the areas where flash floods occurred. Typhoon Frank hits the City early in the morning and killed more than a hundred people and hundreds more missing. I cant really say that Im happy because me and my family were safe, but I thought of the people who were on their rooftops waiting to be carry through and others who were drowned. * Taken from http//sveb. wordpress. com/2008/06/23/my-experience-on-typhoon-frank/ B. 10 Most Destructive Typhoons in 2009 (Philippines) (Sources NDRRMC and DPWH) Name of Typhoon Casualties DamageOndoy (Ketsana) 337 dead, 308 injured,And 37 missing Php 10. 5 billion Pepeng (Parma) 375 dead, one hundred sev enty-five injured,And 48 missing Php 8. 142 billion Emong (Chan-hom) 60 dead, 53 injured,And 13 missing Php 1. 2 billion Santi (Mirinae) 34 dead, 20 injured,And 15 missing Php 704. 97 million Dante (Kujira) 27 dead, 5 injured,And 7 missing Php 553 737 631 million Kiko (Morakot) 20 dead and 13000People were homeless NotStated Jolina (Goni) 12 dead, 10 injured,And 2 missing NotStated Feria (Nangka) 8 dead Not Stated Urduja 3 dead Not Stated Maring (Mujigae) Not Stated Php 25 millionTotal(as per data gathered) 876 dead, 571 injured,And 122 missing Php 21 125 707 631Billion (est. ) Photographs (Google Images, Reuters, and WordPress) These men are trying to stay above A man tries to help these 2 ladies to the water during Typhoon Emong. have transportation during Ondoy. The man seems problematic because Cars are seen damaged on the streets of the flood made by Typhoon Pepeng after the visit by Typhoon Ondoy. This coastline devastation happened The spirit of bayanihan is seen as in a pro vince outside Metro Manila. hese men carry a victim during Ondoy. Newspaper/online Articles (for Typhoons Ondoy, Pepeng, and Santi) The damage to property was estimated to beP6 billion, including P4. 1 billion in damage to infrastructure, P1. 9 billion in damage to schools, and P882. 525 million in damage to agriculture. According to theBureau of Agricultural Statisticsof thePhilippines Department of Agriculture, an estimated 126,721 hectares of rice-farming land were destroyed, which would affect almost 3% of the countrys annual expected rice production. Added to this, Ketsana devastated some 1,374 hectares of corn plantations.Some 48 hours after Ketsana struck Metro Manila, the Philippine government appealed to the international community and theUnited Nationsfor help. Various United Nations agencies, theUnited States, thePeoples Republic of China, and lacquerprovided emergency assistance to the victims of the typhoon in the Philippines. * Taken from Wikipedia. org. Typhoon Ketsa na At least 73 persons were killed and nearly 70,000 families were displaced by massive flooding after tropical storm Ondoy (international name Ketsana) dumped the heaviest rainfall on Metro Manila in more than four decades, officials said cheerfulnessday.As of 6p. m. Sunday, the National Disaster Coordinating Council also reported 69,513 families displaced and 337, 216 persons affected in Metro Manila and nearby provinces. In the province of Rizal, 23 persons were reported dead in Tanay 10 in Angono, five in Baras and third from Montana. Nine people were reported killed in Bulacan and seven more in Metro Manila, according to the NDCC. The provinces of Pampanga, Apayao, Batangas, Quezon, and Teresa town in Rizal also reported casualties. * Excerpt from Inquirer. net ONDOY monetary value 73 dead, more than 300,000 displaced by Ondoy by Evangelista, Katherine. September 27, 2009) Typhoon Santi (international code name Mirinae), the fourth superstorm to hit the Philippines in a mo nth, lashed through the Southern Tagalog region Friday night, leaving at least10 people dead and four missing, and a trail of damage in several provinces south of Manila. The reports of Santis destruction have started to trickle in. According to the relief agency Southern Tagalog Peoples Response Center, Santi damaged clxx houses in Siniguelasan, Bacoor, Cavite. The STPRC also reported that at least 280 families in Lipa and Laurel towns in Batangas province are now calling for relief aid.Another 284 houses were badly affected in Laguna, citing initial data from the Provincial Disaster Coordinating Council. These reports are actually no surprise because the eye of typhoon Santi passed through the very region that covers these three provinces. Manila suffered minimal damages and residents of the nations capital only had to endure the sheer threat of Santis howling winds in the wee hours of Saturday. Huge swaths of Metro Manila and Southern Tagalog also illogical electric power as th e combination of strong winds attacked power transformers. * Excerpt from Asian Correspondent Typhoon Santi lashes through the Philippines, underscores need for serious disaster mitigation plans by Cruz, Tonyo. (November 1, 2009) Even though Parma was still too far to make its landfall in northern Philippines, various transportation was suspended before the super typhoon draw near. InCatanduanes, where the first signal warning no. 3 was raised, the provinces power and communications were cut. Fallen trees were already in the main roads. About 30,000 families were evacuated. In addition also to theBicolregion, more than 2,000 passengers were stranded in ferry stations. 9 provinces including Metro Manila were put to signal warnings, with each place experienced massive rainfall with strong winds. Parma made its landfall at Northeastern Cagayan at 300pm PST. InCagayan, at least 6,036 people in 39 barangays (villages) were affected, while P20. 33 million outlay of agricultural produce were destroyed. Also, in the Chico River was swelled collect to the typhoon, making the Maguilling Overflow Bridge along the Cagayan-Apayao Road impassable. The Maharlika Highway in Ilagan, Isabela to Cagayan became hardly passable due to the trees and electric posts that fell when Pepeng battered the area.Total power interruption also crippled the provinces of Kalinga, Apayao, and the northern towns of Isabela. In Kalinga, landslides were reported on roads linking the provincial capital, Tabuk, to upland towns. In Zambales, at least 2,100 families were evacuated as Pepeng brought heavy rains create the Bucao River to swell. The Carael section of the Zambales highway became impassable due to rising floodwaters. Due to heavy downpour, theSan Roque Damin EasternPangasinanand Pantabangan Dam inNueva Ecijawas forced to release huge amount of water. It caused flooding in Eastern and of import Pangasinan as well as Nueva Ecija.InMetro Manilathe area is still experienced torrential rain s and strong winds. Floodwaters continue to rise in some areas in Metro Manila andCalabarzon. InPateros, Muntinlupa, andTaguig, inTaytaytown in Rizal province, and in the towns ofBinanandSan PedroinLagunaprovince, the flood is not subsiding. TheLaguna de Bayis breaking a 90-year record in meters of water, which threatens to submerge more areas in Metro Manila. InBenguet, a landslide killed at least 200 as Tropical Depression Parma continues to bring rain across northernLuzon. Due to severe flooding,Leptospirosisbecame a problem that affected many.In Pasig City General Hospital alone, 30 people have been taken in for diagnosis. TheDepartment of Healthannounced that there is aLeptospirosisoutbreak in Marikina. * Taken from Wikipedia. org Typhoon Parma Online Journal/Diary An excerpt from My Typhoon Ondoy Experience by Rose Paterno (posted Oct 19, 2009) Septemeber, 26, 2009 It was a rainy Saturday morning. Like any other ordinary weekend, my children and I watched cartoons early in t he morning together in our house ar Riverside Village, Brgy. Sta. Lucia, Pasig City. At around 10AM, we started preparing our food for lunch.It surprised me when I went out of our house and saw flood starting to get high, which isnt normal in our village. Some of our neighbors blamed the flood to the excavation of Manila Waters. When I was preparing at the kitchen, the rug I was stepping on was soaked I though it was just a leak from the sink. I tried to replace it, but after a couple of minutes, it was damp again, so I checked out all the corners of the house. Just then, the flood began to enter. We try to mop it out so that it will not enter my childrens room, but when I saw water coming out of the comfort room, I immediately called my brother-in-law so that he could come ver to get my children and bring them to their house where it was safer. We put everything on our houses high places. We thought that if flood will continue to fill our house, it would reach up to knee level. We left and had lunch at my in-laws house. When we came back, the water had already reached our sofa, so we put everything on our bed but still the water got higher. My in-laws started to help us get incumbent things such as my childrens milk and some clothes good for 2 days. Meanwhile, flood water continued to enter our house, so we put our refrigerator, washing machines, electric fan, and other appliances about a table high.In a minute, our refrigerator tilted and fell in water. The only thing we could do at that time was to get all the food we could get. I tried to get back to our room to get additive clothes, but my husband grabbed me out of the house because the flood was almost chest level. He told me to leave everything. In a matter of 2 hours the water immersed all the things that we had. * Taken from http//www. magsaysaywecare. com/1/post/2009/10/my-typhoon-ondoy-experience-by-rose-paterno. hypertext mark-up language C. 10 Most Destructive Typhoons in 2010 (Philippines) So urces NDRRMC, DPWH, and Wikipedia) Name of Typhoon Casualties Damage Basyang (Conson) 68 dead, 102 injured,And 91 missing Php 377. 98 million Florita (Lionrock) 28 dead, 20 injured,And 9 missing Php 45 million Juan (Megi) 31 dead, 42 missing Php 11 billion Caloy (Chanthu) 41 dead Php 77. 9 milliion Domeng (Jelawat) 3 dead Not stated(caused low damage) Ester (Dianmu) 1 dead, 2 injured,and 15 missing Not stated(caused low damage) Inday (Fanapi) No casualties recorded Not stated(caused low damage) Glenda (Kompasu) 2 missing Php 25 millionAgaton (Umais) No casualties recorded Php 4. 1 million Katring (Chaba) 3 dead Php 996, 300 Total(as per data gathered) 175 dead, 124 injured, and 159 missing Php 11, 567, 876 300 billion (est. ) Photographs (from Google Images, Reuters, and Travel blog) Houses damaged by Typhoon Caloy. Aftermath in Cagayan made by Juan. Battered roofs & trees in Metro Manila A top-view of the destruction by made by Typhoon Basyang. Typhoon Juan in Cagayan Valley.Top-v iew of a barangay in Isabela 4 men are captured rescuing a child after Typhoon Juan hit the place. during Juan in Pangasinan. Newspaper/online Articles (for Typhoons Juan and Basyang) The day-long heavy rains and strong winds brought by Juandestroyed houses, felled trees, caused power outages and cut off communication linesin Cagayan and Isabela provinces and flooded some towns in Pangasinan. Isabela is still understate of emergencybut the worst is over for Cagayan, said Office of Civil Defense administrator and NDRRMC executive director Benito Ramos.Based on theNational Disaster Risk Reduction and focussing Councils(NDRRMC, formerly NDCC)latest site report, at least 974 families or 4,614 persons were affected by typhoon Juan in four regions in La Union, Pangasinan, Cagayan, Isabela, Kalinga and Aurora. As of Monday night, some 866 families or 4,151 persons were evacuated to 16 evacuation centers across the Ilocos region, Cagayan Valley, Cordillera and Central Luzon. Agriculture un dersecretaryAntonio Fletaestimated that farmers may lose 600,000 metric tons of rice crops.About 157,000 hectares of rice farmlands in Cagayan and Isabela provinces were in the path of the typhoon. Even if farmers harvest the damaged rice, theyd have a hard time drying the grain. There may not be much left to sell,he toldBloomberg. * Excerpt from Philippine Online Chronicles. Super typhoon Juan batters northern Luzon by Hermitanio, Maui (October 18, 2010) The United Nations has assured the Philippines of support and assistance in the moment of typhoon Juan (international name Megi), according to Philippine Ambassador to the United Nations Libran Cabactulan.Metro Manila was not as prepared last year when Ondoy brought the area to a standstill and hundreds perished and thousands rendered homeless. Millions in property and agricultural products went down the drain. The OCHA and other three-way organizations such as the European Union as well as individual countries such as Japan, th e US, France, Germany, Great Britain, even China pledged millions in US dollars to help the Philippines recover from Ondoy. * Excerpt from Balita. ph RP gets UN assurance of assistance in Juans aftermath by Baylon, Gloria Jane. October 20, 2010) Within the Philippines, 102 people died and 46 people are listed as missing. Damage is estimated at 378million2010PHP (8. 17million2010USD). When Conson made landfall in Quezon province at1100 pm(PST)/ 1500 (UTC), power supply in Metro Manila, including 35 hit provinces in Luzon, went out. Telecommunications were also lost. Trees were uprooted, poles were strewn on the streets and rooftops were blown off. Classes from primary to college were suspended until July 14.At regional airports, air traffic officials canceled 29 international and local flights due to dangerous flying conditions brought about by the storm. Elementary and pre-school classes for Metro Manilaand affected provinces inLuzoncanceled its classes before the afternoon of Jul y 13. 15Philippine Airlinesflights from different airports were canceled due to heavy rain, gusty winds and near zero visibility. Roughly 500 passengers inBicoland Quezon Provincewere stranded at their respective ports as the coast guard declared that ships may not depart due to high waves and heavy rains.Areas that had public storm signal warnings experienced high winds and torrential rains. Off the coast of Pandan, 20 fishermen went missing after their boats capsized amidst rough seas produced by the storm. By July 13, only one person had been rescued while the 19 others still remain missing. Near Bagamanoc, 11 other fishermen went missing due to similar incidents. * Taken from Wikipedia. org Typhoon Conson (2010) Online Blog/Journal An excerpt from My Basyang Experience by Chris from www. mommyjourney. com (posted July 14, 2010) Last night was another one of those sleepless nights.And its all because of the typhoon Basyang. Typhoon Basyang started to blow its winds by 9pm and w ith each hour that passed, the winds grew stronger and stronger. Until about 12 midnight, I could hear our roof being battered by the winds. Power was out and the kids were still asleep but around 1am, they woke up and said that it was hot and wondered why it was so dark. We embraced each other and I fanned them to sleep. I couldnt sleep peacefully at all. And when the winds have finally stopped, it was the only time I was able to go to sleep. It was definitely a tiring night.When I woke up, our roofs shingles were scattered everywhere on our lawn. It was a nightmare. The plants are all a mess. Wood that came from the neighbours was also there. It was chaotic. * Taken from http//www. mommyjourney. com/2010/07/my-basyang-experience. html D. 10 Most Destructive Typhoons in 2011 (Philippines) (Sources NDRRMC and Wikipedia) Typhoon Name Casualties Damage Bebeng 48 $31,700,000 Chedeng 17 $287,000,000 Dodong 29 $248,000,000 Egay 18 $16,700,000 Falcon 11 $1,024,000 Juaning 128 $126,000,00 0 Kabayan 22 $480,000,000 Mina 38 $603,000,000Pedring 95 $1,024,000 Quiel 18 $2,500,000 Ramon 10 $2,100,000 Sendong 1268 $48,400,000 Total(as per data gathered) 1 702Deaths $ 447 460 000Billion(est. Php 18 345 868 000 billion) Photographs (from Google Images and Photoshelter) Destruction on a property caused by A picture captured depicting victims Typhoon Sendong in Iligan. Of Typhoon Pedring in NCR. strong winds and strong water currents Destruction caused by Chedeng attack the shore of Manila. in a park in Luzon. The situation of a village near Ilocos Aftermath of a village inCagayan de during Typhoon Quiel. Oro after Tyhoon Sendong. Newspaper/online Articles (for Typhoons Sendong, Pedring, and Quiel) artificial satellite estimated rainfall from Severe Tropical Storm Washi over the Philippines. Severe Tropical Storm Washi brought 10hours of torrential rains that triggered disastrous flash flooding overMindanao, an area that rarely experiences tropical cyclones. More than 200mm ( 7. 9in) of rain was reported in places where rivers were already swollen. During the overnight hours, hundreds of people were killed as flood waters and landslides destroyed homes along mountain sides.In some locations, flood waters rose by 3. 3m (11ft) in less than an hour. Residents impacted by these flood waters were forced to seek refuge on their roofs amidst 90km/h (55mph) winds. The mayor of Iliganregarded the floods as the worst in the citys history. More than 2,000 people were rescued from the hardest hit areas. Damage was estimated at? 2. 068billion (2012PhP, $48. 4millionUSD). Over half of the damage was due to damaged roads and bridges. A massive relief operation involving the evacuation of 100,000 people occurred on the morning of December17, 2011.Approximately 20,000 soldiers were mobilized to assist in recovery efforts and evacuations. ThePhilippine Coast Guardwas dispatched to search for missing people after villages were reported to have been swept out to sea. Sixty people were rescued off the coast ofEl Salvador, Misamis Orientaland another 120 in the waters nearOpol Township. PresidentBenigno Aquino IIIvisitedCagayan de OroandIliganon December20, 2011, and declared astate of national calamity in the affected provinces. The total cost of damages to agriculture and infrastructure is estimated at P999. million according to theNational Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. The President also appealed to its citizens to help the victims in their way of celebratingChristmasin his Christmas Message. * Taken from Wikipedia. org Tropical Storm Washi The estimated damages in infrastructure and agriculture due to typhoons Pedring and Quiel has reached P15 billion, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council said in its latest report Monday. The report stated that Pedring has caused P14. 96 billion-price of damages to nfrastructure and agriculture in the National Capital Region, Cordillera Administrative Region, Regions I, II , III, IV-A, IV-B, V, and VI while four provinces of Region II suffered damages worth P115. 08 million because of Quiel. The two typhoons have also damaged a total of 71,518 houses, affecting over 80,000 families. Records showed however, that more and more families were leaving evacuation centers to return to their homes. The report said that 21 road sections in Regions II, III and CAR remain impassable. The NDRRMC added that the Ambuklao (1 Gate/0. 5 m), Binga (2 Gates/1. m), Magat (1 Gate/2 m) and San Roque (2 Gates/1. 5 m) dams have opened their gates Monday morning after reaching their spilling levels. * Excerpt from Inquirer. net Damages due to Pedring and Quiel reach P15 billion byJamie Elona. (October 10, 2011) Online Blog An excerpt from Typhoon Sendong Experience by Krishia Kamille Tan (posted January 16, 2012) A rainy season welcomed the month of December in Iligan City. Low to moderate rainfall has been experienced almost every day. However, last December 16, 2011, heav y rain showered the entire city in the afternoon till nighttime.At 400 AM of December 17, 2011, while I was silently sleeping, my sister woke me up saying she heard noises and neighbors are in panic about a flood. The rain had already stopped but I observed that the water level is starting to rise. As I looked outside, the flood water is only about a meter away from our doorstep. As we walked pass a morgue, my heart started to sink and I felt like crying. Vehicles lay near it were covered with mud, people were crying, and others were worried about their missing family members. It was then when my sister and I decided to travel back home to our hometown the following day.I saw the aftermath of Sendong as we passed by Tambo and Hinaplanon. My heart was modest and I was secretly crying on the bus. When we arrived home, I immediately searched videos and pictures on the internet to see how Iligan City was greatly devastated. I never thought the death toll and missing persons would reac h 1000. The news on the television was all about Sendong, Iligan City and Cagayan de Oro. Hundreds of people with generous hearts donated and offered help to the flood victims. Relief goods were continuously delivered to the evacuation centers and other areas.It was really relieving to know that many are really willing to help our fellowmen. I, for one, donated relief goods as a simple way to help the victims. My sister visited Bayug and Orchids Subdivision and she said that the place seemed to look as a sort of a ghost town. * Taken from http//karaamille. blogspot. com/2012/01/typhoon-sendong-experience. html Summary (Graphs) The year 2008 had the highest number of casualties (1788), followed closely by 2011 (1702), then 2009 (1569), and last 2010 (458). The year 2009 had the highest damage with an estimate of Php 21. billion, then by 2011 with 18,345 billion, followed closely by 2008 with Php 18. 327 billion, and finally 2010 with an estimate of Php 11. 6 billion. Conclusion The following conclusions were made by the group based on the data gathered and after interpretation of the information presented were done From 2008, there have been a total Php 18 327 700 000 worth of estimated damage in properties, infrastructures, and agriculture and an estimated total 1788 casualties from the 10 typhoons that have struck the Philippines all throughout the year.From 2009, there have been a total Php 21 125 707 631 worth of estimated damage which includes properties, agriculture, and infrastructures and an estimated total of 1569 casualties from the 10 typhoons that have visited the Philippines for the 12-months period. For 2010, the Philippines have a total of Php 11 567 876 300 worth of damage to properties, infrastructures, and agriculture and have 458 casualties in total because of the 10 typhoons that have made it to the Philippine territory.For 2011, a total of Php 18 345 868 000 worth of damage on infrastructures, properties, and agriculture and 1702 casualti es were brought by the 10 most destructive storms that have hit the Philippines in a span of one year. When it comes to nature, lots of landforms from both the urban and rural areas were destroyed, the seas have brought massive effects to places near the shore, a lot of trees were uprooted from the ground, and animals together with their shelter were greatly affected by these storms. They have really brought great hazards and danger to the people and the nation.From the data and photographs presented above, the group concludes that these typhoons have brought very high and costly impact to the Philippines starting from the year 2008 up to 2012. In total, the country has suffered an estimated total of 69 367 151 931 worth of damage and an estimated 5517 number of casualties in the span of four years. To summarize, the year 2009 has been the most destructive among the four, followed by year 2011, then year 2008, and last is year 2010. CHAPTER 7 RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the data gather ed from past super typhoons (e. g.Basyang, Nina, Pedring, Sendong, Ondoy, Pepeng, and Quiel) these are the following recommendations * Government should intervene by creating programs (drills where to go when a typhoon strikes), plans (land planning), and projects (purchase of supernumerary early warning devices) that will help minimize the risk of possible loss of lives * Academic institutions should also practice their social responsibility by taking part in mobilizing the community on how to act accordingly prior, during and after the typhoon (by training future leaders to lead and adding the disaster risk training program in the curriculum) * There is a need for the community to be proactive and not just fight back by letting not just the men but also the women to take part in the planning of community risk reduction activities by the barangays. For those who wish to continue the study we recommend the use of individual depth interview of those who were past victims of the sai d typhoons for thorough and detailed extraction of information * Psychologists/social workers should take part in helping the victims of the typhoons with their traumatic and tragic experiences by assessing and helping them recover as time goes by. CHAPTER 8 REFERENCES This section contains all of the sources that the group made reference off during the whole course of the study. These references include books, theses, newspapers, journals, the internet, and other existing documents Books Bautista, M. & Go, S. (1985) Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods. De La Salle University Press Manila, Philippines Battan, L. J. , (1961). The Nature of Storms. New York Doubleday Jennings, G. (1970). The Killer Storms Hurricanes, typhoons, and tornados. J. B. Lippincott Dictionary 2007). Websters Universal Dictionary and Thesaurus. (p. 532. ) WS Pacific Publishing Manila, Philippines Newspaper Articles Casauay, A. (2009, Oct 1). Typhoon Ondoy damages ? 822-M agin products. Suns Star Davao . p. 7 Casauay, A. , Paredes, J. (2009, Nov 2). Typhoon Santi leaves 10 dead. Sun Star Davao. p. 15 Paredes, J. (2008, June 24). Typhoon Frank kills 163. Sun Star Davao. p. 13 Paredes, J. (2009, June 26). Typhoon Feria kills. Sun Star Davao. p. 11 (2009, Oct 3). Ondoy Aftermath. Suns Star Davao. p. 2 Online Articles Angeli, E. , Wagner, J. , Lawrick, E. , Moore, K. , Anderson, M. , Soderlund, L. , & Brizee, A. (2010, May 5).General format. Retrieved from http//owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/560/01/ Tacio, Henrylito D. (2009, May 2). Philippines Ecosystems on the scepter ofExtinction. Retrieved from http//www. gaiadiscovery. com/nature-biodiversity/philippines-ecosystems-on-the-verge-of-extinction. html Jeff, J. (2009). 10 Biggest, Deadliest, Most Destructive Hurricanes EVER Retrieved December 14, 2012, fromhttp//www. ranker. com/list/10-biggest-deadliest-most-destructive-hurricane_s-ever-/jeff419RLEsVaKFtFeTcb6U. 99 Broward County Florida (2010). APA Style (6th ed. ) Libra ry Guide. Retrieved December 14, 2012 from http//nova. campusguides. com/content. php? id=114919 Dante, K. (2009). Typhoon Lessons Learned in the Philippines. Retrieved December 15, 2012, from http//reliefweb. int/report/philippines/typhoon-lessons-learned-philippines/ Mariano, L. (2011) Typhoon Watch 2011 List of Typhoons. Retrieved December 15, 2012 from http//visitpinas. com/typhoon-watch-2011-list-of-typhoons/ Sumalinog, F. (July 2010) Archival Research References. Retrieved December 15, 2012 from http//peace. saumag. edu/faculty/kardas/Courses/RMPA/archivalresearch Pictures Google Images at http//www. google. com. ph/imghp? hl=fil&tab=wi Travel Blog at http//www. travelblog. org/Photos/ Photoshelter at http//www. anigarcia. photoshelter. com/ WordPress at http//www. whsword. wordpress. com/ Reuters at http//pictures. reuters. com/ Video (October, 21 2010). 9 accounted deaths in the aftermath of typhoon Juan. Retrieved December 14, 2012 from http//www. gmanetwork. com/news/video /68130/saksi/saksi-9-accounted-deaths-in-the-aftermath-of-typhoon-juan Other Websites (Blogs, Journals, Webpages, etc. ) Typhoons in the Philippines. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Typhoons_in_the_Philippines (2011, Apr 18). China Violent storms kill 18 in Guangdong province. Retrieved f